
Glass i r / ^ o 

Book 3 9 I 




Lieut. General William Pefperrell 



MAINE AT LOUISBURG 

In 1745 



By HENRT S. BURR AGE, D. D. 
State Historian 



AUGUSTA 

BURLEIGH & FLTNT 

igio 



WW\1 



lO-'i^'^^"'^ 






D. Of D. 

JUL 5 I9ia 



To 

THE GOVERNOR OF MAINE 

HON. BERT M. FERNALD 

GREATLY INTERESTED IN THE PAST 

PRESENT AND FUTURE OF 

HIS NATIVE STATE 



PREFACE 

In the making of the Nation, Maine has not received the 
credit to which she is fairly entitled. While the making was in 
progress she was a part of Massachusetts, and the services of 
her sons redounded to the glory of the great mother Common- 
wealth. But the Lexington alarm awoke the minute men here 
as well as the minute men of Essex and Middlesex ; and with ' 
enthusiasm and alacrity they assembled and hurried forth to. 
take their places in the ranks of the uprising colonists. They 
were at Bunker Hill and Dorchester Heights, indeed in most of 
the movements of the continental forces that followed on 
remoter fields. One of the surprises of our Revolutionary 
history is the recent discovery in the Massachusetts Revolu- 
tionary rolls that what is now the State of Maine had in 
Washington's army at Valley Forge, in the winter of 1777-8, 
ten hundred and eight officers and men, or about one-tenth of 
Washington's entire force. In placing in 1907, on the line of 
Washington's intrenchments at Valley Forge, a granite marker 
with an inscription in bronze containing a tribute to these Maine: 
heroes, the Pine Tree";State — the first of all the states next to 
Pennsylvania to erect a memorial on that scene of privation and 
suffering — has evinced in a most worthy way her continued 
patriotic spirit. 

But we have been as neglectful of our history of Maine's 
part in the Colonial periodjas in that of the Revolution. For 
example, the fathers of the men from Maine who fought for 
independence in the Revolution were at Louisburg in 1745 in 
even larger numbers proportionately — that is when compared 



vi Maine at Louisburg in 1^45 

with the quotas from other parts of New England — than on the 
many battlefields of the Revolution from Bunker Hill to York- 
town. Parkman, in his "Half-Century of Conflict," following 
doubtless a statement made by Pepperrell,' the commander of 
the expedition, says : " A full third of the Massachusetts 
contingent, or more than a thousand men, are reported to have 
come from the hardy population of Maine, whose entire fighting 
force, as shown by the muster rolls, was then but 2855."^ 

Maine's part at Louisburg in 1745, therefore, was a most 
distinguished one. It is a matter for regret that, in the 
absence of official rolls, it is not now possible to present a 
complete list of the men who served in the three Maine 
regiments in that memorable campaign. Only a few names of 
those who served in Waldo's regiment have come down to us ; 
but the names of men who served in Pepperrell's and Moulton's 
regiments, brought together in this volume from various 
sources, furnish abundant evidence that the estimate above 
mentioned is a correct one. 

We have been too neglectful of our State history. The 
Maine Historical Society, with limited financial resources, has 
done a most valuable service in collecting historical data, and in 
publishing the same. The Society has received needed financial 
encouragement from the State. It is worthy of added encour- 
agement. But Maine will not discharge her just obligations 
to the past until on her part proper attention is paid to the 
work of collecting the materials of her history in the colonial 
period, also in the period of her statehood, and to the care and 
preservation of her archives. 

' See note on page 21, 
^ Vol. 2, p. 99. 



Preface vii 

In my attempt in the following pages to call attention to 
the part Maine had in the Louisburg expedition in 1745, I am 
especially indebted to the source-books concerning Cape Breton 
and the capture of Louisburg at that time, which are mentioned 
in the appendix and are found in the John Carter Brown 
Library, Brown University ; the Massachusetts Historical 
Society Library (including its valuable collection of " Pepperrell 
Papers"); the library of the American Antiquarian Society, 
Worcester, Mass.; the Boston City Library; the Maine State 
Library ; and the library of the Maine Historical Society in 
Portland. Some of these source-books I have been able to add- 
to the State Library from funds placed at my disposal by the 
Legislature of 1909, and others should be added as opportunity 
offers. 

The portrait of Sir William Pepperrell, of which the 
frontispiece is a half-tone reproduction, was painted recently 
by Mr. Joseph B. Cahill for Henry Deering, Esq., of Portland, 
Maine, who presented it to the Maine Historical Society. It is 
taken partly from the Pepperrell portrait in the Essex Institute, 
and partly from engravings of Sir William. I am indebted to 
Mr. Deering for the excellent photograph used in the prepara- 
tion of the frontispiece. The portrait of Sir William Pepperrell 
in the State House in Augusta was placed there near the close 
of 1862, and was a gift to the State by Mr. S. Brannan of San 
Francisco, California, a native of Maine. It is a copy of a 
portrait by John Smibert or Smybert, a Scotch painter, who 
accompanied Dean Berkeley to America in 1728, and settled in 
Boston, where he died in 175 1. He painted portraits of many 
of the prominent men of his time in New England. The copy 
of his portrait of Sir William Pepperrell in the State House in 
Augusta was made from the portrait in the Portsmouth 



viii Maine at Louisburg in 1^45 

Atheneum, Portsmouth, N. H. Mr. Brannan, for his valuable 
gift, received the thanks of the Maine Legislature in a resolve 
approved by the Governor February i6, 1863. 

The illustrations, Louisburg in 1745, and Siege of Louis- 
burg in 1745, are taken from Parkman's "Half-Century of 
Conflict," published by Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 
whose permission for their use in this volume is gratefully 
acknowledged. 

It may be stated that the substance of the following 
account of Maine's part in the Louisburg expedition of 1745 
has been presented at a meeting of the Maine Society of 
Colonial Wars, at a meeting of the Maine Historical Society 
and at a meeting of the National Society of Colonial Dames in 
the State of Maine. 

H. S. B. 

Togus, Maine. 



CONTENTS 

PAGB 

I. Maine at Louisburg in 1745, i' 

II. Ascertainable Lists of Officers and Men From 

Maine Who Were at Louisburg in 1745, - - 55 

III. Correspondence, 89 

IV. Officiai, Reports, &c., - 103 

V. Important Sources of Information, ... 113 

VI. Index to Lists of Officers and Men, ... 129 



ILLUSTRATIONS 



IjEUT. Generai. Wili-iam PeppERREI^L, - - Frontispiece 

Map of Cape Breton, i 

LouiSBURG IN 1745, .--- 5 

Siege of Louisburg in 1745, 27 

The King's Bastion as it Appears Today, . - . 33- 
Entrance to the Harbor ; Isi^and Battery on the Left 

AND Green Island on the Right, .... 34 

Part of Magazine Recently Uncovered, . - - 42 

The Pepperrell Mansion at Kittery, 51 

Brass Mortar and Pestle Brought from Louisburg by 

Morris O'Brien, 52 

Monument at Louisburg Krected in 1895 by the Society 

OF Colonial Wars, 54 



MAINE AT LOUISBURG IN 1745. 

During the sixteenth century French discoverers and 
explorers were busy on this side of the sea. Early in the century 
they planted their national colors upon the banks of the St. 
Lawrence, and later, proceeding westward, establishing a chain 
of forts south of the Great Lakes and along the banks of the 
Ohio and the Mississippi to its mouth, they indicated their 
purpose to seize and to hold this vast virgin territory, and to 
found upon it a New France, which under favorable conditions, 
and upon a broader field, should maintain the traditions and 
glories of the mother country. 

But already the attention of English discoverers and 
explorers had been directed hither ; and in the sixteenth century 
there were attempts at English colonization upon the Atlantic 
shores of the new world. If in these attempts there were dis- 
appointments and defeats, effort was not abandoned ; and early 
in the seventeenth century English colonies obtained a firm 
foothold on the seaboard, making it evident that England as 
well as France had purposes with reference to the American 
continent — that here was a field for grand tactics, with the 
issue whether in this broad domain England or France should 
be supreme. 

In the unfolding of events. Cape Breton, an island guard- 
ing the approaches to the St. Lawrence, was for awhile, in the 
early part of the seventeenth century, in the possession of 
English colonists; but in 1632, by treaty, it was restored to 
France. In 1710, with the fall of Port Royal, which was taken 
by New England troops and renamed Annapolis, Cape Breton 



2 Maine at Lotiisburg i?i 1^45 

again became British territory, as did the rest of Acadia of 
which it was a part. The island remained an English pos- 
session, however, only until the treaty of Utrecht in 171 3, 
when what is now Nova Scotia was ceded to Great Britain, 
France retaining the island of Cape Breton, renamed Isle 
Royale. In order to make secure the possession of the 
island — all that now remained of her Atlantic possessions — 
France forthwith proceeded to fortify English Harbor, giving it 
a new name, Louisburg, in honor of the French monarch, 
Louis XIV. 

A glance at the map will show how important in defense 
of French interests along the St. Lawrence was the posses- 
sion of the island of Cape Breton. Separated from the main 
land by a narrow strait, it has the appearance of an 
extension of Nova Scotia into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In 
fact the French name, Acadia, covered both Nova Scotia and 
Cape Breton. A fortified seaport on the ocean front of the 
island would furnish a position from which easily French war- 
vessels could sally forth to intercept England's communication 
with her colonies on the American coast, or to fall upon them 
in any movement for their weakening or extermination. It 
would also serve as a protection to French fishing interests on 
the American coast. ' 



' Those interests were very great. It was estimated that the 
French fisheries on the" American coast at that time gave employment to 
27,500 men and 564 vessels, and that the value of the annual product 
amounted to a million sterling." Importance and Advantage of Cape 
Breton, pp. 90, 91. Referring to the importance of securing and hold- 
ing Cape Breton, Rev. Thomas Prince, pastor of the South Church, 
Boston, in a sermon "on the General Thanksgiving, July 18, I745>" 
said : "It abounds in the best of pit coal in America ; and so near the 
surface of the earth and coast of the sea as to be very easily dug and put 



Maine at Louisburg in I'J4S 3 

Such a fortified seaport Louisburg became. Thither were 
brought settlers from Placentia, the seat of the French colony 
in Newfoundland; and elaborate works were planned by 
French engineers, who sought to make it, what France 
designed it to be, the strongest fortress in America. 

It is a matter of surprise that England, by the treaty of 
Utrecht, should have consented to part with a possession, 
whose value to English interests on the Atlantic coast was as 
e:reat as it was to French interests on the banks of the St. 
Lawrence. ' The explanation of this piece of diplomatic folly 
is doubtless to be found in a lack of intelligent interest in" 
American affairs in English administrative circles at that 
time— a lack that was manifested on other occasions later, 

in vessels. Yea, from 1703, Lahontan had told us of the French ships 
loading with and carrying the same to Guadalupe and Martineco, for 
the refining of sugars, to their great advantage. And its commodious 
harbors ; with its happy situation in the center of our fishery, at the 
entrance of the bay and river of Canada, and in the wake of all the 
trade from Europe to the British colonies on the main land of America, 
and both from them and our West India Islands to Europe ; rendered 
the place of such vast importance— that I remember while in England, 
when we came to know the Tory ministry had by the treaty of Utrecht 
in 1713 resigned it to the French ; all true hearted Britons, who knew 
the circumstance of the island, most grievously lamented the resigna- 
tion, as full of teeming mischief to the British trade, wealth and 
power, and as one of the most fatal acts of that unhappy ministry." 
London edition of 1746, pp. 16, 17. 

'See "The Importance and Advantage of Cape Breton." There 
was not only a large profit from the fisheries employing men and ships, 
but the fisheries were a nursery as it were for British seamen "to the 
immense interest and profit of the nation:" pp. 90, 91- There was 
every reason why England should have retained its hold on Cape 
Breton. From this point of view the London Courant of September 4, 
1745, referring to the capture of Louisburg, said: "The next step to 
be taken to make any conquest lasting, secure and valuable, is to 
drive the French from Canada." 



4 Maine at Louis burg in 1^45 

weakening the ties that bound the colonists to the land of 
their fathers, and which at length led to the struggle for 
independence that ended in the establishment of a new 
nation, "conceived in liberty," but based on English laws and 
animated by the English spirit. 

Some time naturally elapsed before a beginning could be 
made upon the fortifications of Louisburg. In an account of 
these fortifications by most writers the view is expressed that 
while temporary works were constructed soon after Cape 
Breton again came into the possession of France, the more elab- 
orate fortifications, for which time for plan-making would be 
required, were not commenced until 1720; and an appeal is 
made to a medal, bearing that date, which was struck in honor 
of the founding of Louisburg. By others, however, it is thought 
that the construction of at least parts of the defenses was in 
progress not later than 171 5, inasmuch as official reports of that 
date make mention of fortifications, and of the work already 
accomplished.' In 1728, de Brouillon, who was in command at 
Louisburg, reported to the Minister of Marine that the works 
defending the place were almost finished, and in 1733 he 
announced their completion. Of course, added work was 
necessary from time to time, either on account of changes or 
repairs ; but the construction work had been done, and 
Louisburg was regarded by its defenders as not subject to 
successful assault by land or sea. The cost of the fortifica- 
tions is said to have been not less than six million dollars. 

The town occupied a triangular piece of ground con- 
taining about one hundred acres between the southern part of 
the harbor and the sea. A walk around the inclosing works 

' Coll. of the Nova Scotia Hist. Soc, Vol. 9, p. 154. 



Maine at Louisburg in I'J45 5 

measured about two miles. On the landward side, at the base 
of the triangle, there was a ditch eighty feet wide. In the 
works at this part of the line were "two bastions, the King's 
and the Queen's, and two demi-bastions, one of which, called 
the Dauphin's, was at the extreme north-west end of the line 
and close to the harbor; at this point also was the West Gate 
(leading out into the country), and the Circular Battery (armed 
with sixteen 24 pounders) which covered West Gate." The 
other demi-bastion, the Princess', was at the sea end of this 
line. In the rear of the King's bastion was the Citadel, a 
massive stone building, the headquarters of the garrison. 
"The lines of defence which ran parallel to the harbor and to 
the sea were of lighter construction — a wall of masonry with 
banquette ; but the short, north-eastern face of the fortress was 
of the more massive and elaborate type. The north-east 
corner of the town had no wall or defensive works for a space 
of about two hundred yards; but it was protected from attack 
by a large pond, which extended along its front. A somewhat 
similar gap existed on the sea face, between the Princess' and 
Brouillon bastions, a palisade and ditch being the sole 
defenses ; but in front, shoals, rocky islands, and a continuous 
heavy surf formed an effectual barrier against hostile attack 
from this quarter." ' An island at the mouth of the harbor was 
strongly fortified, while on the main land, opposite the Island 
Battery, and commanding the entrance to the harbor, was 
another strong work known as the Royal Battery, containing 
twenty-eight 42 pounders and two 18 pounders. There were 
embrasures in the works for one hundred and forty-eight can- 
non, but at the time of the siege only about one-half of the 

'Collections of the Nova Scotia Hist. Soc, Vol. 9, pp. 153, 154. 



6 Maine at Louisburg in iy4S 

number were in position. The garrison in 1745 numbered 
about two thousand regulars and mihtia. ' The population of 
the town was about four thousand. 

The British ministry was early made acquainted with the 
menace to British interests upon the American coast which 
Louisburg, thus strongly fortified, continually constituted. In 
1 74 1, Lieut. Governor Clarke, of the province of New York, 
wrote to the Duke of Newcastle a letter suggesting how the 
French might be dispossessed "of the footing they have got on 
the back of all the English colonies on this continent." In 
this letter he said : 

"The harbor of Louisbourg at Breton is strongly fortified 
and the entrance defended by a Battery of fifty guns; there is 
depth of water sufficient for the biggest ships, and the harbor 
is capable of containing a very large fleet; its situation gives 
them all the advantages they can wish for, it secures their own 
navigation to Quebec, and gives them but too great opportuni- 
ties to annoy and interrupt our fishery; in the winter they 
have few men upon the island except their garrisons, but are 
secured by the cold, the snow and ice. In summer they are 
strengthened by the great numbers of men employed in their 
fishery; the only time therefore to attempt with most advan- 
tage the taking of the place will be at the breaking up of the 
winter, and before their ships come from France, and this may 
be done; for if his Majesty's ships to be appointed for that 



' others give the number as 1800. See Coll. Nova Scotia Hist. Soc, 
Vol. 9, p. 158. But the number of regulars and militia transported to 
France after the surrender was 1^60. It is claimed that the garrison, at 
the time of Pepperrell's approach, was in a state of discontent occa- 
sioned by the non-payment of money due for labor performed, the 
money being withheld by rapacious officers. 



Maine at Loidsburg in I'J45 7 

service winter at Boston, they may block up the harbor 
of Louisbourg before any ships from France can arrive there, 
and his Majesty's troops may land when the least opposition 
can be given them, and for this expedition I am persuaded that 
four or five thousand men may be raised in New England, if 
the officers, as they were for the expedition against the 
Spaniards, be appointed in these provinces, but then I presume 
it will be necessary they be disciplined before they embark, so 
that if the orders and commissions be sent over the summer 
before, and a sufficient number of subalterns to teach them 
their exercise, they may before the ensuing spring be fit for 
service; but I presume some veterans from England will be 
absolutely necessary to join the Americans, under the command 
of an experienced General. If we take Cape Breton and have 
constantly there and at Placentia, in those months wherein 
those seas are navigable, a sufficient number of ships of war to 
guard our fishery, they may intercept the French ships bound, 
to or from Canada, and thereby reduce that country to great 
necessity, and their communication with Mississippi being cut 
off by the means proposed that country will become an easier 
conquest." ■ 

Again, in 1743, Lieut. Governor Clarke, in a report to the 
home government, called attention to the importance of taking 
Cape Breton from the French. He said: 

"If ever it be thought advisable to attempt again to take 
Canada, the dispossessing the French of their mastery on the 
Lake and of the fort at Crown Point, will greatly facilitate the 
enterprise, but before we begin the work, I presume to think 
we ought to take Cape Breton, a place well fortified, and from 

' Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New 
York, Vol. 6, pp. 183, 184. 



8 Maine at Louis burg iu IT 45 

whence the French can annoy our fishery at Newfoundland 
and guard their own navigation to and from Canada. That 
place is such a thorn in the sides of the New England people, 
that it's very probable a large body of men may be raised there 
to assist in any such design. And if proper officers are sent 
from England in the summer to exercise them, they may by 
the ensuing spring be well disciplined, as all their youth are 
expert in the use of fire arms from the unrestrained liberty of 
fowling, which obtains in all the provinces ; and I conceive the 
spring is the most proper season to attack the place before the 
men-of-war and fishing vessels come from France, for in the 
winter they have few men except the garrisons, and Boston 
being a proper port for our fleet to harbor in the winter, we 
may block up the harbor of Breton before the ships from 
France can come upon the coast." ' 

These communications indicate the forebodings existing in 
the minds of the English colonists on the Atlantic seaboard. 
But especially was there alarm among the New England 
colonists when, near the close of 1743, there were rumors of 
the probability of a rupture between Great Britain and France. 
In a letter dated October 10, 1743, Governor Shirley of Massa- 
chusetts called the attention of Colonel William Pepperrell, in 
command of the York County regiment, to the danger of such 
a rupture as announced in advices he had received from 
England, and directed him to communicate this intelligence to 
the exposed towns and settlements. Pepperrell sent a copy of 
the Governor's letter to all the captains in his command, and 
in doing this he added: "I hope that He who gave us breath 
will give us the courage and prudence to behave ourselves like 
true-born Englishmen." 

' Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New 
York, Vol. 6, p. 229. 



Maine at Loiiisburg in IJ45 9 

An illustration of the attention given by thoughtful minds 
in New England at this time to the importance of taking Cape 
Breton from the French is furnished in a small pamphlet 
printed in London in July, 1745, but which was ready for pub- 
lication April 9, 1744. It was prepared by Robert Auchmuty, 
of Roxbury, Mass., a judge of the Admiralty Court for Massa- 
chusetts and New Hampshire, who was in England at the time 
on a visit, and availed himself of an opportunity for impressing 
upon people there the views which he and doubtless many 
others held concerning the capture of this island and its strong- 
hold, Louisburg. His pamphlet was entitled "The Importance 
of Cape Breton to the British Nation — Humbly represented by 
Robert Auckmuty [sic] Judge, &c., in New England. N. B. 
Upon the plan laid down in this representation the island was 
taken by Commodore Warren and General Pepperrell the 14th 
of June, 1745. London, 1745." A copy of this pamphlet is in 
the Library of Harvard University, and it was also printed in 
the Gentleman s Magazine for July, 1746. It has been 
reprinted in the Mass. Hist. Soc. Colls., First Series, Vol. 5, pp. 
202-205. Auchmuty was of Scotch descent, settled in Boston 
early in the i8th century, was made judge of the Admiralty 
Court in 1733, and died in Boston, in April, 1750. 

France, however, did not declare war until March 15, 1744 
(N. S.), and Great Britain followed March 29, 1744 (O. S.), 
being April 9, 1744 (N. S.). An early notice of the declaration of 
war on the part of France was sent to the commanding officer 
at Louisburg, who at once organized an expedition, which 
sailed May 12th for Canso, near the entrance to the strait of 
Canso, and the nearest British post. The garrison at Canso, 
unprepared for such a movement, surrendered and the prison- 
ers were taken to Louisburg. Later, an attempt was made by 



10 Maine at Loiiisburg in 1^45 

the French to take possession of Annapolis, but Governor 
Shirley succeeded in throwing a strong reinforcement into the 
place. Some say that this hurried activity on the part of the 
commanding officer at Louisburg was not inspired by the home 
government; in fact it is stated that when orders at length 
were received from France, they were to the effect that no 
such movement should be undertaken. Certainly the result 
was harmful to French interests. The prisoners taken at 
Canso and carried to Louisburg were released in the autumn 
of 1744 and sent to Boston. From observation during their 
stay they brought with them much information concerning the 
place, its defenses, the strength of its garrison, &c. 

This information was eagerly welcomed by Governor 
Shirley. What was said concerning the weakness of the 
French garrison, and the favorable opportunity which present 
conditions afforded for a strong, vigorous attack upon the 
French stronghold in the early spring, before reinforcements 
could reach Louisburg, deeply impressed him. It impressed 
others also in various parts of the colony as the released prison- 
ers made their way to their homes. The importance of taking 
Louisburg from the French became the chief topic of interest 
at the fireside and wherever men assembled in the various 
relations of life.' In November, Governor Shirley sent Colonel 



' Parkman, who finds in the capture of Canso garrison the imme- 
diate incitement to the Louisburg expedition, attributes, "the wildly 
audacious project to some heated brains." Such doubtless there were, 
but the uprising in New England at that time was not unlike that 
which was witnessed in New England, and indeed throughout the 
North, at the opening of the Civil War. No one would think of attrib- 
uting that remarkable spectacle in April, 1861, to "heated brains." As 
has been shown, the Governor of New York had for some time busied 
himself with the problem of taking Louisburg. So had many other 



Maine at Louisburg in 1^45 ^^ 

Pepperrell to the Penobscot Indians for a consultation that 
should test their fidelity to the English colonists in time of 
war and secure their cooperation in accordance with their 
treaty obligations. He also took an early opportunity to 
bring the imperilled situation of the New England colonists to 
the attention of the British ministry, sending his communication 
by the hands of Captain Royal, an officer of the captured gar- 
rison at Canso, who "from his particular knowledge of Louis- 
burg," as Governor Shirley wrote to Governor Wentworth of 
New Hampshire, November lo, 1744, "and of the great 
consequence of the acquisition of Cape Breton, and the preser- 
vation of Nova Scotia," he hoped would be of considerable 
service to the northern colonies, with the Lords of the 
Admiralty. After the conference with the Penobscot Indians, 
Governor Shirley also took up the matter with Colonel Pepper- 
rell, whose business interests made him familiar with all 
questions concerning affairs at the eastward. Pepperrell's 
report strengthened the governor's growing convictions. 

Especially were these convictions strengthened by repre- 
sentations made to Governor Shirley by Captain William 
Vaughan of Damariscotta. Captain Vaughan was a son of 
Lieutenant Governor Vaughan of New Hampshire, but had 
long been prominent in business affairs in Maine. As early as 
1728, he established a fishing and trading station at Matinicus. 
Later he erected lumber mills at Damariscotta. Belknap says 
of him, ' "He was a man of good understanding, but of daring, 
enterprising and tenacious mind, and one who thought of 

thoughtful men, who had come to the conviction that Louisburg, as a 
stronghold of France, was a perpetual menace to British interests. 
Atlantic Monthly, 1891, p. 316. 

' History of New Hampshire, p. 269. 



12 Maine at Louisburg in 1^45 

no obstacles to the accomplishment of his views. . . . 
Vaughan had not been at Louisburg, but had learned from fish- 
ermen and others something of the strength and situation of 
the place; and nothing being in his view impracticable, which 
he had a mind to accomplish, he conceived a design to take the 
city by surprise; and even proposed going over the walls in the 
winter on the drifts of snow. This idea of a surprisal forcibly 
struck the mind of Shirley, and prevailed with him to hasten 
his preparations before he could have any answer or orders 
from England." Parsons,' on the other hand, says, "Gov- 
ernor Shirley conceived the idea of taking the city by surprise. 
. . . Vaughan of New Hampshire, a man of sanguine 
temperament and daring enterprise, assisted in collecting infor- 
mation and urged the expedition." It is not now possible to 
settle definitely the question whether Vaughan, or Shirley, or 
some other person, proposed the taking of Louisburg by sur- 
prise. It seems probable, however, that the initial impulse 
came from Vaughan, and that this was all that was needed to 
stir the governor to immediate activity in the endeavor to 
execute the proposed plan.^ 

No mention of taking Louisburg by surprise was men- 
tioned by Governor Shirley when he first called the attention 
of the General Court to the importance of capturing Louis- 
burg. This first communication was made in a message trans- 

' Life of Sir William Pepperrell, p. 48. 

^ March 2;^, 1745, Gov. Shirley wrote to Gen. Pepperrell: "I 
desire you would let Mr. Vaughan, who goes a volunteer to Cape Breton 
in this expedition, and has been very instrumental in promoting it, 
both within this and the neighboring provinces, and has the success of 
it much at heart, assist in your councils, and I do appoint him to be one 
of it. Your countenance and protection of him, also, so far as is 
proper, I shall esteem a favor." 



Maine at Lotiisbnrg in 1^45 I3 

mitted January 9, 1745, and which was read after the members 
had taken an oath of secrecy. In the message the Governor 
referred to the advantages that would result from a successful 
movement against Louisburg, and to the favorable opportunity 
that seemed to offer for the enterprise. He was of the opinion 
that two thousand men would furnish a force ample for the 
undertaking, and he urged the General Court to make a suit- 
able provision for the expenses of the expedition. 

A committee of the House and Council was appointed to 
take the message into consideration. In their reply on 
January 12, the members of this committee replied that while 
they were sensible of the importance of such an expedition as 
was proposed, they were convinced that the province could not 
provide the necessary sea and land forces for such an under- 
taking; and they suggested that the Governor should appeal 
to the King, and seek to enlist his "compassionate regards," 
while at the same time offering such assistance as the province 
was able to render. 

But this did not end the matter with Governor Shirley. 
His endeavor to withhold the message from the general public 
failed, a member of the General Court, in the fervency of his 
private supplication for Divine guidance in the matter, was so 
loud in his appeal as to be overheard, and the secret was out. 
Soon public interest was manifested. Those not members 
of the General Court insisted upon being heard, and January 
19, Governor Shirley sent a second message to the House call- 
ing attention to a petition of Benjamin Marston and others of 
Marblehead in favor of the proposed expedition; and a com- 
mittee was appointed to consider the message and petition and 
to hear any gentlemen "upon this affair." 

Four days later Governor Shirley sent to the General 



14 Maine at Loiiisbttrg in l'J4S 

Court a third message with reference to the proposed expedi- 
tion. In this message he increased to three thousand the force 
he deemed necessary for the reduction of the French strong- 
hold ; and such a force he regarded adequate even though the 
attempt to take the place by surprise should fail. Help in the 
undertaking he was confident could be obtained from England, 
and from the British squadron in American waters, and he 
promised to use his best efforts in securing such help. For 
the encouragement of enlistments he suggested "some reason- 
able pay or bounty." He would also seek to obtain the assist- 
ance of the adjacent provinces of New York, New Hampshire, 
Connecticut and Rhode Island, whose interest and welfare 
were identical with the interest and welfare of Massachusetts. 
On the same day a petition in favor of the proposed expe- 
dition was received from a large number of merchants and 
others, inhabitants of the town of Boston. William Pepperrell 
and Samuel Waldo were made members of the committee to 
which the message and petition presented on the 19th and 
these additional documents were referred. At a meeting of the 
Council January 25, Pepperrell presented the report of the 
committee. Two of the prisoners taken at Canso had been 
before the committee, also men who had been at Louisburg as 
traders and were familiar with the conditions there. Their 
testimony was to the effect that the garrison at Louisburg con- 
sisted of about one thousand fighting men of whom only five or 
six hundred were regular troops; that their stock of provisions 
was low, and that there were no formidable war vessels in the 
harbor. ' The members of the committee, therefore, were 



' After the surrender of L/Ouisburg, Rev. Jonathan Edwards of 
Northampton wrote to a friend in Scotland : "The state of the place was 



Maine at Lojiisbtirg in IJ4S I5 

of the opinion that the present favorable opportunity for 
the proposed expedition should be embraced, and it was 
recommended that the Governor by proclamation should 
call for the enlistment of three thousand volunteers; that war- 
like stores and provisions should be procured, also transports 
which should be ready to sail by the beginning of March ; and that 
a suitable naval force should be provided as a convoy to the 
expedition. The governments of New York, the Jerseys, 
Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, Connecticut and Rhode Island 
were to be asked to furnish their quotas of men and vessels, "to 
accompany and follow the force of this province." 

Dr. Belknap says that " the address of the Governor and 
the invincible perseverance of Vaughan" secured the adoption 
of the report, though only by a majority of one, and in the 
absence of several members who were known to be opposed to 
the expedition. Circular letters were at once addressed to the 
colonial governments mentioned in the committee's report, j 



strangely concealed from us, which if it had been known, would have 
effectually prevented the design. We seemed to be under great 
advantages to be informed ; for we had many that very lately had been 
prisoners there, and others that had traded, and been very conversant 
there, and some that had dwelt there a considerable time, and our Gov- 
ernor and General Assembly were very diligent in making inquiry, and 
all seemed to be well satisfied that we had full information ; and yet 
the representations that were relied upon as true were exceedingly 
wrong. It was unaccountable that so many, that had been conversant 
there, should be kept in such ignorance. If one -half of the strength of 
the place had been known, the expedition had never been thought of; 
or if they had imagined the number of soldiers and inhabitants there, or 
if the expensiveness of the undertaking had been conceived of, it 
never would have been meddled with; for it soon abundantly 
exceeded the expectations of our General Assembly. ' ' Christian History, 
Edinburgh, 1745. From a copy in Congregational Library in Boston. 



ly' 



1 6 Maine at Lo^nsbiirg in 1^4$ 

Vaughan being made the bearer of the letter to the New- 
Hampshire governor. ' 

Preparations for the expedition were now hurriedly under- 
taken. Governor Shirley well understood the importance of 
immediate attention not only to the work of enlistment, but of 
collecting military stores and vessels for the transportation of 
troops. The command of the expedition was given to Colonel 
William Pepperrell ^ of Kittery, who had long been identified 
with the militia of the province. He was a captain of cavalry 
at the age of twenty-one. Subsequently he held commissions 
as Major and Lieutenant Colonel of the York County regiment 
of infantry, and this position he held in 1745. But he had had 
no experience in actual warfare, nor had the province in its ser- 
vice one who had developed marked military ability in field 
operations. Pepperrell, however, as president of the Council, 
had been in close touch with Governor Shirley in all matters 

' New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Connecticut responded 
favorably. Governor Clinton of New York urged the General Assembly 
to take an active part in the Louisburg enterprise, but when he found 
that its members were not inclined to render any assistance in men and 
to furnish but a trifle in money, he dissolved the Assembly in the hope 
that another Assembly would show a different spirit. Meanwhile he 
sent ten 18 pounders, to Boston, and later, when he was informed by 
Governor Shirley that the troops were greatly in want of provisions, he 
set on foot a subscription and raised £2000, toward which he con- 
tributed liberally himself. Afterwards he purchased powder and cloth- 
ing, expending £2900 additional. From the later Assembly he obtained 
£5000. See Documents Relating to the Colonial History of New York, 
Vol. 6, pp. 274, 275, 284, 285. The New Jersey Assembly voted £2000 
toward the expedition, and the Penns3'lvania Assembly voted £4000 
currency for the purchase of provisions. 

^Colonel Pepperrell was born iii Kittery, June 27, 1696. His father 
was a native of Ravistock Parish, near Plymouth, in Wales. He emi- 
grated at the age of twenty-two, and came to the Isle of Shoals. After 
residing there four or five years, he removed to Kittery Point, where he 
died in 1734. 



Maine at Lo? as burg in 1^45 ^7 

that had arisen because of the war with France, he possessed 
energy and good judgment, a winsome personality, and above all 
a character that commanded the highest respect. He had been 
found faithful in all other positions of honor and influence; and 
it was believed that those who were ready to enlist in an enter- 
prise of so much importance to the general welfare would do 
so even more enthusiastically under the leadership of one so 
worthy of confidence and even affection as was Colonel 
William Pepperrell. At first, however, Peppcrrell hesitated 
to accept the appointment,' but Governor Shirley urged the 
claims of duty and loyalty with so much persuasiveness as to 
overcome all objections. "His patriotism now shone out with 
great lustre, for nothing but a zeal for his country's good could 
have carried him from the scenes of domestic enjoyment, and 
extensive and lucrative business, to the fatigues of a camp and 
the risks of certain conflict, with doubtful result." - At 
the time of his appointment Pepperrell was in his forty- 
ninth year. His rank was that of Lieutenant General.^ 

'"Before Pepperrell accepted the couiuiaud, lie asked the opinion 
of the famous George Whitetield, who was itinerating and preaching iu 
New England. Whitelield told him that he did not think the scheme 
very promising; that the eyes of all would be on him; that if it should 
not succeed, the widows and orphans of the slain would reproach him; 
and if it should succeed, many would regard him with envy, and en- 
deavor to eclipse his glory; that he ought therefore to go with 'a single 
eye,' and then he would find his strength pi-oportioned to his necessity. 
Henry Sherburne, the commissary of New Hampshire, another of 
Whitefield's friends, pressed him to favor the expedition and give a 
motto for the flag; to which, after some hesitation, he consented. 
The motto was, 'Nil desperaudum Christo duce.'" Belknap's History 
of New Hampshire, p. 272. 

* Parsons' Life of Sir William Pepperrell, p. 51. 

^ Pepperrell received three commissions as Lieutenant General, 
that is one from each of the three provinces, Massachusetts, New Hamp- 
shire and Connecticut. 



i8 



Maine at Louis burg in 1^4^ 



Roger Wolcott ' of Connecticut was made second in command, 
with the rank of Major General, and Samuel Waldo,^ then a 
representative of Falmouth in the General Court, and Colonel 
of the eastern Yorkshire regiment, was made third in com- 
mand, with the rank of Brigadier General. 

Recruiting for the expedition began at an early day. 
Three regiments were asked for from that part of the province 
that is now known as the State of Maine. In 1744 the militia 
enrollment in this territory was as follows: 3 



450 men In Scarborough 160 men 

350 men In Falmouth 500 men 

250 men In North Yarmouth 150 men 

95 men In Brunswick 50 men 

120 men In Narraganset No. i 20 men 

150 men In New Marblehead 40 men 
150 men In Georges and Broad Bay 270 men 

In Pemaquid 50 men 

Pepperrell'sRegt. 1565 In Sheepscot 50 men 



In Kittery 
In York 
In Wells 
In Arundel 
In Biddeford 
In Berwick 
In Phillipstown 



Both regiments 2855 Waldo's Regt. 



1290 



' He was afterward Chief Justice of Connecticut and Governor of 
that province from 1751 to 1754. He died May 13, 1767, in the 89th 
year of his age. Waldo originally was designated as second in command, 
but Connecticut, on account of its participation in the expedition, was 
given the second place. 

^ General Waldo was born in England in 1696, and came to this 
country when he was four years old. His father, Jonathan Waldo, set- 
tled in Boston, where he died in 1730. Like his father, Samuel became 
a prosperous business man. Later, he became largely interested in 
lands in Maine, especially in what was afterwards known as the Waldo 
patent. In developing his land interests he brought to this country 
Scotch-Irish and German emigrants. May 23, 1759, while exploring 
the eastern banks of the Penobscot above Bangor, he died suddenly of 
apoplexy, and was buried at Fort Point at the mouth of the river ; but 
subsequently the body was removed to Boston and buried in King's 
Chapel cemetery. 

^Georgetown, which is omitted, is supposed to have had about one 
hundred men able to bear arms. 



Maine at Loiiisbiirg in I'J45 I9 

The three eastern regiments in the Louisburg expedition 
were known as Pepperrell's, Waldo's and Moulton's, Pepperrell 
and Waldo having only a nominal relation to the regiments 
bearing their names. To Lieutenant Colonel John Bradstreet 
of Massachusetts was given the command of Pepperrell's 
regiment, and the command of Waldo's regiment was given to 
Lieutenant Colonel Arthur Noble of Georgetown. Colonel 
Jeremiah Moulton of York, who commanded the third Maine 
regiment, had seen hard fighting in the Indian Wars, and was 
with Captain Johnson Harmon at the destruction of the 
Indian village at Norridgewock in 1724.' 

fThe influence of such men as Pepperrell, Waldo and 
Moulton could not but be powerfully felt in all the towns and 
villages of Maine. Not only the larger communities, but even 
the smaller settlements responded to the call to arms. Major 
John Storer of Wells, in a single day is said to have raised a 
company of sixty-one men, of which the oldest was sixty years 
of age and the youngest sixteen. ^ Some letters of the period 
that have been preserved give us graphic sketches of the 
enthusiasm that was awakened in Maine towns by the Gov- 
ernor's proclamation. The militia companies of York were 
called together on F^ebruary 4th. Of Captain Harmon's snow- 
shoe men seventeen enlisted. Ten or twelve enlisted to serve 
under any captain the Governor should appoint. Ten others 
enlisted under Ensign James Donnell. Twelve of Captain 
Sewall's company signed a paper signifying their intention of 
enlisting, though desirous first of knowing who would be their 

' Colonel Moulton was a member of the Provincial Council, Judge 
of the Court of Common Pleas and Treasurer of York County. He was 
born in York, in 1688, and died there July 20, 1765. 

^ Atlantic MontJily, 1891, p. 322. 



V- 



20 Maine at Loidsburg iji iy4S 

captain. ' Captain Johnson Harmon wrote to Pepperrell 
February i6th: "I am persuaded there is yet something for me 
to do there [Louisburg] before I leave the world." ^ Captain 
Ammi R. Cutter of Saco, a graduate of Harvard College, who 
was disappointed in not securing a surgeon's appointment, 
raised a company, and February 20th reported to Pepperrell 
that he had enlisted forty-six recruits, and expected to increase 
the number to sixty. 3 Captain Moses Pearson of Falmouth 
wrote to General Pepperrell February 25th that notwithstand- 
ing other recruiting officers had been in the place in his 
absence, and enlisted men he had expected to secure for his 
own company, he hoped to make up the number to thirty or 
more, and leave on the first opportunity for Boston. ^ In 
Kittery, Berwick, Arundel and other places in York County, 
also in places at the eastward, there was a like prompt response 
to the Governor's call.s In a letter to his friend Hill in Ber- 
wick,^ General Pepperrell wrote February 20th : "Yesterday I 
heard that Captain Butler had enlisted in Berwick nearly his 
fifty brave soldiers. This news is like cordial to me. Last 

' Dr. Alexander Bulman of York in a letter to Pepperrell. Proceed- 
ings of Mass. Hist. Soc, 2nd Series, Vol. II., pp. 99, 100. 

^Pepperrell Papers, Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 6th Series, Vol. 10, pp. 

103, 104. 

^Pepperrell Papers, Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 6th Series, Vol. 10, pp. 

104, 105. 

* Pepperrell Papers, Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 6th Series, Vol. 10, pp. 
107, 108. 

5 Southgate, in his History of Scarborough, (Me. Hist. Soc. Coll., 
ist Series, Vol. 3, p. 172), says : "One hundred and sixty of our towns- 
men were enlisted iu Col. Waldo's regiment sometime before the 
attack on Louisburg, but it does not appear how many of these 
continued in the service through that event, or who of them were 
present and assisted in the capture." 

^ Parsons' Life of vSir William Pepperrell, pp. 53, 54. 



Maine at Louisbtirg in 1^45 21 

night I received a letter from the War Committee, saying they 
thought there was (upon our completing five or six companies 
of our brave County of York men) the full number proposed to 
be enlisted and more, so that there will be a number cleared off, 
but you may be assured that our brave county of York men 
shall not be cleared off unless they desire it." 

} While the work of enlistment proceeded rapidly, it is evi- 
dent from a letter to Pepperrell, written by Captain Vaughan, 
that in Maine there was a quicker response to the Governor's 
call than in Massachusetts. "I have desired," he wrote 
February 8th, "the gentlemen at York to march one company 
next Monday to Boston to give life and spring to the affair. I 
hope you will encourage the same."' Vaughan says he had 
proposed that at least two thousand men should be in Boston 
ready to sail by the 20th of February. His enthusiasm was 
contagious, but the task of providing men, stores and trans- 
ports within the time-limit mentioned was not accomplished. 
However, in less than two months from the day on which the 
General Court voted in favor of the Louisburg expedition, the 
requisite military force had been recruited, and was ready to 
embark. This force comprised eight regiments or 3,250 men 
from Massachusetts (including three regiments from Maine), 
one regiment from Connecticut with 516 men, and one from 
New Hampshire with 304 men. New Hampshire also provided 
150 recruits for Massachusetts regiments. Later, Rhode Island 
furnished three companies or 1 50 men, and a guard sloop with 
ninety men. Parkman says, "Maine, then a part of Massachu- 
setts, furnished full one-third of the Massachusetts contingent."^ 

'Pepperrell papers, Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 6th Series, Vol. 10, pp, 
100, lOI. 

^ In a letter to the Hon. Josiah Willard, dated Kittery, Oct. 9, 
1750, Sir William Pepperrell wrote: "I think one-third part of the 



22 Maine at Lonisbiirg in 1^45 

Maine furnished not only so large a part of the military 
force and the commander of the expedition, Lieutenant General 
Pepperrell, but also the third in command, General Samuel 
Waldo, who owned land, and had business interests in Maine 
requiring his personal attention to such a degree as to identify 
him largely with that part of the Province: also the com- 
mander of the armed vessels of the provincial squadron, 
Captain Edward Tyng • of Falmouth. In the preceding year, 
while in command of a provincial "snow,"^ Captain Tyng had 
captured a French privateer of i8 guns, and brought his prize 
into Boston Harbor. Captain Tyng was now given the rank of 
Commodore. His fleet consisted of thirteen vessels, carrying 
204 guns. Of these thirteen vessels, Massachusetts provided 
nine, Connecticut two, Rhode Island one and New Hampshire 
one. Some of the vessels sailed as early as the middle of 
March, and made their way to the vicinity of Louisburg for the 
purpose of intercepting the enemy's vessels, and preventing 
them from entering the harbor with supplies or reinforcements. 
The rest of the squadron and the eighty or ninety transports 3 
for the troops and stores anchored in Nantasket Roads, Boston 
Harbor. 

forces that went on the expedition to Louisbourg were enlisted from 
the County of York." Baxter Manuscripts : Maine Historical 
Society's Documentary History, 2nd Series, Vol. 12, p. 104. 

' He was the third son of Colonel Edward Tyng and was born in 
Falmouth in 1683. After he came to manhood he was in partnership, 
and owned vessels and their cargoes, with Phineas Jones of Falmouth. 
Wm. Gould's "Portland in the Past," p. 249. 

^ A vessel equipped with two masts, resembling in rig a brig, 
"except that the brig bends her fore-and-aft mainsail to the mainmast, 
while the snow bends it to the trysail-mast." Century Dictiouarj'. 

^Jonathan Say ward of York was Captain of one of the transports, 
and brought home some fine China ware in the fall of 1745. 



Maine at Loidshirg ui 1745 23 

As the day of the departure drew near, a day of fasting and 
prayer was appointed by Governor Shirley, and fervent peti- 
tions were offered for the divine blessing to rest upon officers 

and men. 

The Maine troops made Boston their rendezvous as did the 
other Massachusetts regiments. Governor Shirley urged 
Governor Wentworth of New Hampshire to send thither the 
contingent from that province; but as it seemed to the Gov- 
ernor more desirable that the New Hampshire troops should 
avoid the delay this would necessitate, they sailed direct from 
Portsmouth, leaving that port March 23. 

Pepperrell received his orders from Governor Shirley, 
March 19, and he sailed from Nantasket Roads with the Mas- 
sachusetts troops in the afternoon of March 24.' In his letter 
to Governor Wentworth, urging him to send the New Hamp- 
shire troops to Boston, Governor Shirley showed that he still 
had in contemplation the surprise of the French at Louisburg, 
for he wrote: "The success of our scheme for surprising 
Louisburg will entirely depend on the execution of the f^rst 
night after the arrival of our forces. For this purpose, it is 
necessary that the whole fleet should make Chappeau-rouge ^ 
point just at the shutting in of the day, when they cannot 
easily be discovered, and from thence push into the bay so as 
to have all the men landed before midnight; (the landing o 
whom, it is computed by Captain Durell and Mr. Bastide, will 

-Lord's day, March 24. This morning Commodore Rouse gave 
a signa^or weig^hing an..r. Ahont ^ -. Hutch^^^^^^^^ 

:^Tc;t^r:r%ii;ar^^-- - ----•" 

Greenes diary in the library of the American Antiquarian Society. 
2 A corruption of Chapeaurouge 



24 Maine at Loiiisburg in 1^45 

take up three hours at least)."' The forming of the four corps 
to be employed in scaling the walls of Louisburg would take 
two hours. The march of these four corps to their respective 
posts would require two hours more. This would bring them 
to day-break, and therefore full late for the attack. Hence the 
necessity that the fleet should arrive at the precise hour 
indicated. 

In his instructions to Pepperrcll the Governor was more 
minute. The commanding General was directed to proceed to 
Canso with the force intrusted to him. He was to build there 
a block-house, construct a battery and land such stores as 
would not be immediately needed. Then he was to send a 
detachment to St. Peter's on Cape Breton, and destroy it so that 
no information concerning the expedition could reach Louis- 
burg from that locality. Afterward the whole fleet was to sail 
for Gabarus Bay, on which was the proposed landing place for 
the troops. The approach of the transports was to be so timed 
that they would arrive in the bay in the evening, and the land- 
ing of the troops would take place without delay. If he should 
not succeed in surprising the enemy, Pepperrell was to call a 
council of war and proceed according to circumstances.^ 

I On account of unfavorable weather the transports contain- 
ing the Massachusetts troops anchored three days (March 26- 
29) at Sheepscot ; Green says, "in Sheepscot harbor, about a 
league within the docks or entrance." The New Hampshire 
regiment reached Canso, March 31.3 Pepperrell and the men 



' Belknap's History of New Hampshire, p. 274. 

^Parsons' Life of Sir William Pepperrell, p. 55; Williamson's His- 
tory of Maine, Vol. 2, p. 228. 

^ Belknap's History of New Hampshire, p. 275. 



Maine at Loiiisburg in 1^45 25 

from Massachusetts arrived in the early days of April,' but the 
Connecticut troops were not at the place until April 24.^ 
For some time the shores of Cape Breton were inclosed in ice. 
Pepperrell wrote to Governor Shirley, "We impatiently wait 
for a fair wind to drive the ice out of the bay, and if we do not 
suffer for want of provisions make no doubt but we shall by 
God's favor be able soon to drive out what else we please from 
Cape Breton.^ "Meanwhile, however, Pepperrell not only 
employed his men in fortifying the place, but in military drill, 
making cartridges, &c. On Sunday, April 7, Parson Moody of 
York preached from the text, " Thy people shall be willing in 
the day of thy power," Psalm 110:3 ; but the daily drills were 
not suspended on that day evidently, for Major Pomeroy made 
this record in his diary: "Several sorts of busnesses was 
Going on, Som a Exercising Som a Hearing Preaching." Of 
incalculable value were these weeks of preparation, notwith- 
standing the impatience of officers and men because of the 
enforced delay. 

In the autumn of 1744, Governor Shirley had asked the 
Duke of Newcastle for naval assistance in maintaining British 
interests at the eastward. He also wrote to Commodore 
Warren, who was in command of the British war ships in 

' Parsons' Life of vSir "William Pepperrell, p. 57, says : " The Mass. 
troops arrived at Can.so, April i." Williamson, History of Maine, Vol. 
2, p. 228, says : " The land and naval forces all arrived at Canso, April 
4." Parsons doubtless gives the day of the first arrival, and Williamson 
the day when all had arrived, as he supposed ; but Major Pomeroy 
says his vessel arrived on the 5th. Others evidently came in from 
day to day later. See Parkman's " Capture of Louisbourg by the New 
England Militia," Atlantic Monthly, 1891, pp. 514, 516. 

^ Journal of Pepperrell P^xpedition, Proceedings of the American 
Antiquarian Society; New Series, Vol. 20, Part I. 

^ The Taking of Louisburg, 1765, vSamuel Adams Drake, p. 79. 



26 Maine at Loidsbiirg in 1^45 

American waters, and was then at his station in the West 
Indies. Warren properly declined to accede to the Governor's 
earnest appeal until orders were received from England. When 
these at length came, he at once proceeded northward, and 
while on the way to Boston, ascertaining from the captain of a 
schooner that the expedition had already sailed for Canso, he 
hurried his ships thither. The first vessel of the squadron, the 
frigate Eltham, forty guns, arrived at Canso, April 22, and 
Commodore Warren, in the Superb of sixty guns, with the 
other vessels, the Mermaid and the Launceston of forty guns 
each, came into the harbor the following day. Warren was 
most heartily welcomed by Pepperrell, and after an exchange of 
greetings the Commodore proceeded at the close of the day to 
join Tyng and the provincial squadron in the blockade of the 
harbor of Louisburg. 

It has been said ' that no rumors of the approach of 
Pepperrell's forces from Canso reached the French garrison at 
Louisburg before the fleet of transports was in sight. 
Parkman,^ however, quotes from a French account of the siege 
showing that information concerning the expedition had been 
received at Louisburg, but was discredited. The French com- 
mander, Duchambon, however, posted a small detachment in a 
position from which any approach of the enemy might be 
seen ; but evidently he had no expectation that the enemy 
would appear, and the members of the detachment were as 
incredulous as he.^ 

'Williamson's History of Maine, Vol. 2, p. 229. Belknap's History 
of New Hampshire, p. 276. 

'^Atlantic Monthly, 1891, p. 516. In a note, p. 630, he says that the 
work from which he quotes, " Lettre d'un Habitant de Louisbourg" 
contains eighty-one printed pages and dated "a . . . ce 28 Aout. 
1745." There is a copy in the Bibliotheque Nationale at Paris. 

^ Nova Scotia Hist. Soc. Coil's, Vol. 9, pp. 165, 166. 



Maine at Louisbiirg in 1^45 27 

General Pepperrell was informed April 26th that the ice 
had left Gabarus Bay, and preparations were at once made for 
re-embarking the army. The troops were in the best of spirits, 
and all were eager to enter upon the task for which they had 
enlisted. It was decided that Captain Cutter's company of 
Colonel Moulton's regiment should be left at Canso to gar- 
rison the fort and guard the stores, while to the rest of the 
regiment was assigned the duty of destroying the fort and 
settlement at St. Peter's, a village not far away on the island of 
Cape Breton ;' and then Colonel Moulton was to join the rest 
of the army in its forward movement. 

Everything being in readiness, Pepperrell sailed from Canso ■ 
early in the morning of April 29. There was a favorable wind, 
and all were in high hopes that the evening - would find them 
at the selected landing place ; but the wind ere long died 
away, and instead of reaching Gabarus Bay at nightfall, 
according to Governor Shirley's plan, the transports did not 
reach their anchorage until about nine^ o'clock the next 
morning. All hope of surprising the garrison at Louisburg 
had of course then been abandoned. In fact the detachment 
from the garrison, watching for the approach of the enemy, had 
discovered the fleet of transports on its approach, and informed 
the Governor, Duchambon,^ who at once dispatched an addi- 



' St. Peter's was a menace to the Provincials. It was the second 
place in importance on the Island of Cape Breton, and if left free to 
furnish spies and information to the PVench at Quebec and Montreal 
would prove a source of untold harm. 

^ "While the enemy were asleep, " are the words of Gen. Wolcott 
in his diary. 

3 Journal of Pepperrell Expedition, Proceedings of the American 
Antiquarian Society; New Series, Vol. 20, Part I. 

" He was the successor of Duquesnel, who had died in the atitumn. 



28 Maine at Lonisbiirg in 174^ 

tional force of eighty men under a trustworthy officer to 
prevent the landing. A well planned feint on Pepperrell's part 
proved successful in deceiving the enemy as to the place of 
landing, and Pepperrell soon had men enough ashore to meet 
the opposing party. In this first brush with the enemy some 
of the French were killed, others captured including a French 
officer, and the rest were driven back into the town. 

During the day about two thousand men, including Waldo's 
regiment (under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Arthur 
Noble), were landed ; and the rest of the force followed on the 
next day. May ist. That afternoon ' Vaughan, now with the 
rank of Lieutenant Colonel, and acting under the direction of 
the commander of the expedition, was given about four hun- 
dred men, and instructed to proceed to make a reconnoisance 
west and northwest of the town. This task Vaughan executed 
with characteristic zeal, and also with skill and determination. 
Passing to the westward of the town, he skirted the Royal 
Battery at a safe distance, and burned the buildings along the 
shore at the northwestern part of the harbor. The smoke of 
the burning buildings was driven by the wind in the direction 
of the Royal Battery. The officer in command there, not able 
to follow the movement of Vaughan 's men because of the thick 
"smoke, and probably overestimating the force, suggested to 
Duchambon the abandonment of the battery. The suggestion 
strangely enough was approved, and at night, having spiked 
the cannon, the officers and men in the battery hurriedly made 

' This is Parsons' statement (Life of Sir William Pepperrell, p. 63). 
Parkman {Atlantic Monthly, 1891, p. 517) says it was May 2nd. Neither 
Pepperrell nor Vaughan would hardly have waited so long. Green, 
in his Journal of the Expedition (Proceedings of the American 
Antiquarian Societ}^, New Series, Vol. 20, Part I.), sa5's it was on 
May I. 



Maine at Lotiisburg in 1743 29 

their way into the town.' Vaughan and the other members of 
the reconnoitering party bivouacked near the burnt district. In 
the morning, Vaughan ordered the troops to return to 
Pepperrell's camp. With a small party moving in the same 
direction, Vaughan, when on high ground overlooking the Royal 
Battery, turned his attention toward it, but could not discover 
any signs of the presence of the enemy. No flag was flying 
at the staff, and within the fort there were no indications of 
life. A Cape Cod Indian, who accompanied Vaughan, was 
induced to approach the fort and ascertain whether or not it 
was occupied. The Indian reached the battery in safety, and 
crawling through one of the embrasures, finding no trace of the 
garrison, he signalled to Vaughan, and soon the latter and 
his men were in possession. Hurriedly Vaughan notified 
Pepperrell of this piece of good fortune. " May it please your 
honor to be informed," he wrote, "that by the grace of God, 
and the courage of about thirteen men, I entered this place 
about nine o'clock, and am waiting here for a reinforcement 
and flag." Meanwhile a substitute for a flag was found, as one 
of the party, William Tufts,^ a boy of eighteen, climbed to the 
summit of the flagstaff and affixed to it his red coat. In his 
note Vaughan added : "Be pleased further to be informed 
that there are about one hundred men now landed on the 
lighthouse side, proceeding up the northeast part of the 
harbor, as I suppose to destroy about fifty sail of vessels, &c. 

' According to another statement, Duchambon, the French 
Commander at Louisburg, visited the battery after the arrival of 
Pepperrell's force and instructed the officer in command to hold the 
position if possible ; but if he found it necessary to withdraw he was to 
do so after spiking the cannon. 

2 Of Medford, Mass., John Langdon Sibley in New England Hist, 
and Gen. Reg., Vol. 25, p. 337. 



30 Maine at Louisbnrg in 1^45 

If your honor think it proper to send the whale-boats immedi- 
ately round two miles without the Island Battery to land and 
cut them off, I believe it will be of service." Doubtless, 
Pepperrell saw the impossibility of getting a whale-boat party 
around the Island Battery, but he hurried off Waldo with three 
companies of his regiment, and soon after, the rest of Waldo's 
men went to Vaughan's assistance, in all about four hundred 
men. Thus early were Maine men at the front at Louisburg. 
The reinforcement arrived none too soon. Duchambon also, 
discovering the blunder he had made in allowing the garrison 
at the Royal Battery to withdraw, hurried a party in boats to 
reoccupy this im.portant position. Vaughan and his men, 
however, kept them from landing until Waldo's arrival, when 
the Frenchmen returned to the town. 

In the Battery were twenty-eight 42 pounders, two 
18 pounders, three hundred and fifty 13 inch shells, thirty 10 
inch shells and a quantity of shot. Colonel Bradstreet, who 
accompanied Waldo, reported to Pepperrell that the Battery 
was in a bad condition ; " but notwithstanding," he added, " we 
can soon repair it as well as ever. I beg you will send the 
smiths and armorers as soon as possible to drill open the vents 
of the cannon." This was done under the direction of Major 
Pomeroy ' of Northampton, Massachusetts, a gunsmith. In 

' Pomeroy, thirty years later, was at Bunker Hill where Gen. 
Putnam greeted him with the words, " Pomeroy, you here ! A cannon 
shot would waken you out of your grave." Mr. Geo. E. Pomeroy of 
the Ohio Society of Colonial Wars, and a descendant of Major Pomeroy, 
was at Louisburg, June 17, 1895, on the occasion of the unveiling of the 
Louisburg Memorial, and in connection with the celebration read 
extracts from Major Pomeroy's diary. Louisburg Memorial, published 
by the New York Society of Colonial Wars, pp. XX— XXII. A letter 
from Major Pomeroy to his wife, written at Louisburg, May 8th, 
1745, was printed by Edward Everett at the close of his oration on 
"The Seven Years' War, the School and the Revolution," Orations 
Vol. I., pp. 402, 403, 



Maine at Louisburg in I 'J 45 31 

a little while the guns found in the battery were made 
serviceable, and those on the side of the town were brought into 
use against the French, General Waldo firing the first gun. 
The capture of these guns meant much to Pepperrell and his 
men. They lacked heavy artillery for siege operations, and 
their use of the captured cannon, during the following weeks, 
told severely against the imprisoned enemy. The possession 
of the Royal Battery also, aside from the captured cannon, 
meant much to the provincial forces. Its guns commanded 
the entrance to the harbor, and removed one great obstacle 
to the approach of the war vessels outside. 

But on account of the heavy surf and the absence 
of wharves, much delay was encountered in landing the stores 
and war material from the transports. Not only was it 
difficult to handle the heavy guns, but it was no easy matter 
to get them in position. But the herculean task was 
accomplished. The cannon were placed on hastily constructed 
sledges,' and over the two miles and more of soft, marshy 
ground, gangs of two hundred men dragged them one by one 
to the positions designated by the artillery officers. The 
first battery, fifteen hundred and fifty yards from the citadel, 
was ready for use May 4th. ^ The following day was Sunday, 
and religious services were held in the chapel of the Royal 
Battery, where Waldo's men listened to a sermon from the 
text, " Enter into his gates with thanksgiving, and into his 
courts with praise." As the nine and eleven inch mortars 
failed to reach the town from the first battery, they were 

' This was a device of a shipbuilder, L,ieut. Col. Meserve of the New 
Hampshire regiment. 

^ Journal of Pepperrell Expedition, Proceedings of American 
Antiquarian Society; New Series, Vol. 20, Part I. 



32 Maine at LoiiisbiLvg in ly/f^ 

moved forward May 7th to a nearer position. On that day 
Pepperrell and Warren, who had been in daily communication 
since the arrival of the transports, sent to Duchambon, in 
the name of the king, a summons to surrender. Duchambon 
with French gallantry replied that inasmuch as his own king 
had confided to him the command of the fortress, he had no 
other reply than by the mouths of his cannon. 

On Commodore Warren's suggestion, it was decided at 
a council of war held May 9th that Duchambon's refusal to 
surrender should be followed by a strong, sharp attack on the 
town by Pepperrell 's army; but the weather proved unfavorable 
for the movement. Moreover, further consideration showed 
that Pepperrell's officers did not regard the proposed attack 
as feasible in the present stage of siege operations, and the 
movement was abandoned. Meanwhile the erection of new 
batteries, in favorable positions, was pushed forward with 
energy. May i6th mortars were in place on a hill four 
hundred and forty yards from the West Gate, and on the 
17th an advanced battery, two hundred and fifty yards from 
the West Gate, was ready to receive its guns. An 18 
pounder, brought from the Royal Battery, was mounted that 
night, and another 18 pounder and two 42 pounders were 
added from some source, all of which opened fire on the 
West Gate. 

Pepperrell's force lacked trained artillerymen. Some of 
the troops had served on privateers, and had handled the 
small cannon they carried; but the men who had had even 
this experience were few, and Pepperrell asked Commodore 
Warren for instructors in gunnery from among his officers 
and men. Several were sent, and they found eager pupils. 

With unflagging industry the siege operations were 






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Maine at Loitisbitrg in 1^45 33 

pressed by Pepperrell and his men. Some of the cannon in 
the hands of the provincials proved destructive to the 
besiegers as well as to the besieged. May 17th Lieutenant 
Colonel Arthur Noble, in command of Waldo's regiment at 
the Royal Battery, wrote to Pepperrell saying that one of 
his guns burst wounding Captain Hale and Lieutenant 
Storrs of Captain Rhodes' company.' Captain Rhodes had 
been injured by the bursting of a cannon only a few days 
before. May 20th, the North West Battery, generally known 
as Titcomb's Battery,^ was erected on rising ground between 
the Royal Battery and the town, and about eight hundred 
yards from the West Gate.^ By the guns of this battery, 
and also of the advanced battery, the West Gate was 
demolished, and a large breach made in the adjoining wall. 
The Circular Battery, also, was almost entirely demolished, 
only three of the sixteen guns being left standing.-* 

On the 19th of May a piece of good fortune came to 

' Pepperrell Papers, Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 6tli Series, Vol. 10, p. 
180. The name of Nathaniel Storrs does not appear elsewhere in the 
Pepperrell Papers. Rhodes commanded a company in Waldo's 
regiment. Of Capt. Hale, Waldo wrote to Pepperrell, "He was our 
mainstay as to gunnery." 

- Named for Major Moses Titcomb of Col. Hale's Essex Co. 
regiment. He was in command of the battery. 

■* On this day Waldo wrote to Pepperrell: "Another forty-two 
pound gun burst at the Grand Battery. All the guns are in danger 
of going in the same way by double-shotting them, unless under 
better regulation than at present." 

'' The French writers make mention of the destructive fire of 
Pepperrell's guns. Bigot says: "The enemy established their bat- 
teries to such purpose that they soon destroyed the greater part 
of the town, broke the right flank of the King's Bastion, ruined the 
Dauphin's Battery with its spur, and made a breach at the Porte 
Dauphine [West Gate], the neighboring wall and the sort of redan 
adjacent." 



34 Maine at Lojiisbiirg in 1^45 

the war vessels off the harbor. About noon a French 64 
gun-ship, the Vigilant, loaded with stores and munitions of 
war, was discovered approaching in the endeavor to bring 
relief to the garrison and town of Louisburg. The British war 
ships Superbe, Mermaid, Eltham, together with the Massa- 
chusetts Frigate and Shirley Galley of Tyng's squadron, at 
once bore down upon her, and coming up to her in the 
evening, after a gallant fight, and a loss of eighty men, 
the Vigilant lowered her flag.' Her capture was most 
opportune, inasmuch as Pepperrell's supply of powder, shot 
and shell was now well-nigh exhausted. 

The Island Battery, at the entrance of the harbor, 
prevented Warren's ships from entering ; and, almost from the 
beginning of the siege, attempts had been made by Pepperrell 
to obtain possession of it. One of these attempts was 
assigned to Lieutenant Colonel Noble. According to Waldo's 
order, ^ a copy of which has been preserved, Noble was to 
take command of a detachment "drawn out of several 
regiments," and with this force it was expected that about 



' Williamson, in his History of Maine (Vol. 2, p. 230), says the 
Vigilant surrendered to Capt. Tyng ; but the statement is not confirmed 
by the account given in the report of the expedition which received 
the sanction of Pepperrell, Waldo and other officers. The Journal of 
the Pepperrell Expedition, Proceedings of the American Antiquarian 
Society; New Series, Vol. 20, Part i, says under date of Tuesday, 
May 21, "about noon Capt, Tyng brought a letter ashore from 
Commodore Warren, with the very agreeable news of his having 
taken a French ship of 64 guns, the same that he engaged with the 
Lord's day evening" [May 19]. 

^ William Goold, in a paper on " Col. Arthur Noble of George- 
town," (Coll. of the Maine Historical Society, Series i, Vol. 8, p. 
120), states in a note that the original of this order is in the 
possession of Col. F. E. Hunt, U. S. A,, whose wife was a daughter 
of George Noble, the youngest son of Arthur Noble, Jr. 



Maine at Loiiisburg in I'/4§ 35 

two hundred of Warren's sailors would cooperate. The 
assault was to be made late in the evening of May 23rd ; but 
on account of a bright moon, with northern lights, it was 
deemed best to postpone the attack. It would seem that on 
the night of the 24th, and that of the 25th, the conditions 
were not any more favorable. The delay was, doubtless, as 
annoying to Pepperrell as it was to Commodore Warren, who 
chafed under the enforced delay. 

On May 25th, greatly to his surprise, Pepperrell received a 
communication from Commodore Warren dated May 24th, 
proposing to go into the harbor and attack the town and bat- 
teries with all his " ships and all the colony cruisers except two, 
with the schooners and transports," and asking for sixteen 
hundred of Pepperrell's men, six hundred to be put on board of 
the Vigilant recently captured from the French, the 



Royal Battery of Cape Breton, 
23rd of May 1745. 

Dear Colonel :— Agreeable to general orders, you are to take 
upon you the command of the detachment drawn out of several 
regiments for the attack of the Island Battery, and proceed with 
them accordingly at ten of the clock this evening, or as soon as 
possible. Before you put off your boats, I expect an officer from 
Commodore Warren, who commands about two hundred seamen, will 
be with you and with him you'll concert the proper measures for 
joining your and his forces and carrying on the attack with the 
utmost vigor and security to your and his men, and to prevent 
the enemy from damaging your boats. The officers and their men 
are strictly to observe your orders, and be at their peril who 
refuse. Countersign to be King George forever. May God succeed 
you in this enterprise what will, in all probability, put a happy 
issue to the siege, and be for the honor of His Majesty's arms, 
the great good of his American dominions, and your own reputation ; 
and I doubt not, to your future satisfaction and benefit. 

I am, dear Sir, your most assured friend and humble servant. 

Lieut. Col. Noble. S. Waldo. 



36 Maine at Loiiisbiirg in iy4§ 

remaining thousand to be distributed among his other ships, 
Pepperrell submitted the communication to his Council of 
War. Its members were as much astounded as was Pepperrell. 
The army had been greatly reduced by sickness occasioned 
by exposure and various hardships, and all saw that to take 
sixteen hundred men from the siege works would place a 
large part of Pepperrell's effective force under the command 
of Commodore Warren, leaving Pepperrell only a handful of 
men to hold his lines exposed to an attack from the French 
and Indians in his rear. 

In his reply, giving expression to the views of the 
Council, Pepperrell expressed the hope, while declining to 
accept the suggestions of the Commodore, that some plan 
might be adopted in which the entire land and naval forces 
could cooperate. By reason of a dense fog, Pepperrell's 
reply could not be sent until the following day. Meanwhile 
the Commodore became even more impatient, indeed petulant, 
saying, " For God's sake let us do something, and not waste our 
time in idleness." If these harsh, unjust words aroused bitter 
feelings on the part of those serving with the provincial forces, 
they did not find public expression. Idleness, in no sense of 
the word, could be attributed to Pepperrell's men, who, from 
the day of their arrival . before the walls of Louisburg, had 
labored untiringly day and night, and with results that should 
have called forth praise and even admiration. But there was 
no time for crimination and recrimination ; and the Council 
advised Pepperrell to have a personal interview with Warren, 
taking with him some of his ofificers, and endeavor to come 
to some mutual understanding as to future operations. They 
desired to cooperate, but they were unwilling to turn over 
the command of the provincial forces to Commodore Warren. 



Maine at Loiiisburg in 1^45 37 

The words of Commodore Warren in his letter of 
May 26th, "Pray how came the Island Battery not to be 
attacked?" were doubtless resented by the Provincial 
Commander and his officers ; but evidently they induced 
Pepperrell to proceed that evening to make the assault 
already planned. The attempt was made by about four 
hundred volunteers commanded by Captain Brooks.' The 
boats, containing the attacking party, were discovered as they 
drew near the island, and at once shot and shell from the 
Island Battery, also from the guns of the town, opened 
upon them a most destructive fire. Some of the boats, 
nevertheless, reached the island, and the men who landed 
were hastily drawn up for a dash upon the works. It is said ^ 
that they succeeded in placing scaling ladders upon the 
walls of the battery but they were unable to proceed farther, 
and the survivors surrendered. The loss was seventy-three, 
killed and drowned, while one hundred and sixteen were 
taken prisoners. 

May 28th, in communicating the action of the Council 
with reference to Commodore Warren's letter of May 26th, 
Pepperrell wrote : 

" I beg leave to represent that it is now the twenty- 
ninth day since the army invested Louisburg and drove in 
the inhabitants. That we have erected five fascine batteries, 
and with hard service to the men have drawn our cannon 
and mounted them, have distressed the inhabitants, made 

' The names of only a small part of the four hundred volunteers 
have been preserved. The list will be found in the appendix. See 
also a list given in the Pepperrell Papers, Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 6th 
Series, Vol. 10, pp. 515, 516. 

- Collections of the Nova Scotia Hist. Soc, Vol. 9, p. 173. 



38 Maine at Louisburg in 1^45 

some breaches in the wall, and doubt not we shall soon 
reduce the circular battery. That in this time we have 
made five unsuccessful attempts upon the island battery, in 
the last, of which, we lost one hundred and eighty-nine men 
and many of our boats. That we have kept out scouts to 
destroy the enemy's settlements, and prevent surprise. That 
fatigue has brought on disease and left us not more than 
two thousand one hundred men fit for duty, six hundred of 
whom are gone in pursuit of two large bodies of French and 
Indians, eastward and westward of us. The Council decide 
that another attack on the island is impracticable. We 
continue our best exertions against the enemy, and I shall, 
as soon as possible, visit you with some of my Council to 
determine on the most suitable measures to adopt. Please 
to stand in toward Gabarus Bay as soon as it suits you." 

Pepperrell's endeavors to secure a personal interview 
with Commodore Warren were unsuccessful. He went out in 
one of his vessels, taking with him some of his officers, but 
on account of a heavy fog the Commodore's ship could not 
be found. June 2nd, Pepperrell wrote to Governor Shirley : 
" We have been prevented by fog four days from having any 
interview with the Commodore and planning an attack." 
On the 5 th, however, Pepperrell succeeded in having the 
desired conference, when he found that Warren was "not 
inclined after all to attempt sending his ships into the harbor, 
till further execution is done against the enemies batteries." 
The provincial troops accordingly continued to hammer away 
at the walls of Louisburg as heretofore. 

A new battery, known as the Lighthouse Battery, was 
erected on the high ground at the right of the harbor, and 
only 3400 feet from the Island Battery. In this battery two 



Maine at Loiiisburg ift 1^43 39 

18 pounders were mounted June nth, and by the 14th four 
more. On that day occurred the anniversary of the King's 
accession to the throne, and the day was signalized by the 
discharge of all the cannon in all the batteries at midday. 
During the rest of the day there was incessant firing along 
the line. 

On the forenoon of the next day, June 15th, Commodore 
Warren came ashore, and a review of the troops was held. 
Bradstreet, ■ in his diary, says that Pepperrell's army was drawn 
up and the General and Commodore Warren came to view 
them. The Commodore made a speech, and told us we could 
not take the city with the land forces, neither could he with " 
the sea forces. Both must cooperate With the first easterly 
wind he said he would come in by sea, and we by land, and 
try it out. Pepperrell, also, addressed the troops, urging them 
to fidelity and heroism in the approaching assault. 

Meanwhile the combined fleet had been drawn up before 
the town. Duchambon, who was not unaware of this tightening 
of the lines around his much battered walls and gates, and of 
its effect upon his troops and the townspeople, disheartened, 
moreover, by the non-arrival of reinforcements and supplies, 
was already considering his duty in the face of the foreseen 
closer grapple of the contending forces ; and late in the 
afternoon ' he sent a flag of truce to Pepperrell's lines, asking 



' Mass. Hist. Soc. Proceedings, 2d Series, Vol. n, p. 435- The 
author of the diary was Lieut. Dudley Bradstreet of Groton, Mass. 

^ It is said (Collections of the Nova Scotia Hist. Soc, Vol. 9, p. 
175,) that the flag of truce appeared " a little after twelve o'clock on 
that day (15)"; but Parsons, in his Life of Pepperrell, says "late in 
the afternoon," and the fact that the reply of the two commanders was 
dated at 8.30 p. m. seems to support the statement. 



40 Maine at Louisbiirg in 174^ 

for a suspension of hostilities and terms of capitulation.' 
Commodore Warren had not returned to his ship and in the 
evening at half-past eight the two commanders replied to 
Duchambon's request in a joint note in which they assented to 
an armistice until eight o'clock on the morning of the i6th. 
" If in the meantime you surrender yourselves prisoners of 
war," they added, "you may depend upon humane and 
generous treatment." In the morning Duchambon replied, 
presenting terms upon which he was ready to surrender the 
town and fortifications of Louisburg. The terms were rejected, 
and other terms were submitted by Warren and Pepperrell. 
These provided that if the French commander's own vessels 
were found insufficient for the transportation of the French 
prisoners back to France, other vessels would be provided for 
the purpose, together with such provisions as were necessary 
for the voyage; that the officers of the garrison and inhabitants 
of the town could remain in their houses with their families 
undisturbed and unha rmed until the time of embarkation ; that 
the non-commissioned officers and soldiers should immediately 
upon surrender be placed on board His Majesty's ships to be 
transported to France ; and that the sick and wounded should 
receive the same tender care as those of the victors. As 
security for the proper performance of the duties imposed by 
these terms, the Island Battery, or one of the batteries of the 
town, was to be in the possession of the besieging forces by 

' Bigot says: " We could have borne all this [the harassments of 
the siege], but the scarcity of powder, the loss of the Vigilant, the 
presence of the squadron, and the absence of any news from Marin, 
who had been ordered to join us with his Canadians and Indians, 
spread terror among the troops and inhabitants. The townspeople said 
that they did not want to be put to the sword, and were not strong 
enough to resist a general assault." 



Maine at Louisburg in I'/4S 41 

six o'clock that evening ; His Majesty's ships of war were to be 
permitted to enter the harbor of Louisburg as soon after six 
o'clock as Commodore Warren should think fit ; the captured 
were not to take up arms against His Majesty or any of his 
allies until after a full twelve months from the time of the 
surrender ; and all British subjects held as prisoners by 
Duchambon should be released at once. 

To these terms Duchambon assented on the i6th, except 
that the French commander asked that his officers and men 
should be allowed to march to the beach with their arms, 
colors flying, the arms and colors there to be delivered up, to. 
be kept until the arrival of the French troops in France, when 
the arms and colors were to be returned to them. Pepperrell 
and Warren in separate notes — Warren having returned to 
his ship — agreed to the modified terms. 

In his reply to Duchambon, Commodore Warren made it 
a condition that the keys of the town be delivered to such 
officers and troops as he should appoint. At the time, and 
probably ever after, Pepperrell was unaware of this demand on 
the part of Commodore Warren. In a note to Duchambon, 
Pepperrell wrote : "I shall send Colonel Bradstreet with a 
detachment at four o'clock this afternoon to take possession of 
the town and forts, to whom I desire you will deliver them 
with all your warlike stores and keys." This letter was shown 
by Duchambon to Warren, who wrote to Pepperrell that it was 
not regular to ask the delivering up of the town, etc., till the 
articles had been ratified on both sides, "which I will hasten to 
get done, and meet you at three or four o'clock at Colonel 
Richmond's, and if the papers proper can be by that time 
done, I will bring them with me." At the same time Warren 
attributed to Pepperrell "a kind of jealousy" in his purpose to 



42 Maine at Louisburg in 1^45 

take possession of the town. But both men were large enough 
to overlook their differences, and to continue to act in harmony 
in all matters pertaining to the surrender. Warren had 
performed his work well, but during the siege the heavy burden 
had rested upon Pepperrell and his brave, hardworked soldiers. 
With Warren in possession of the Island Battery, therefore, it 
was rightly conceded that Pepperrell's troops should march 
into the town, and that Pepperrell should receive the tokens of 
surrender. 

The provincial troops entered Louisburg, June 17th, at the 
southwest gate.' Colonel Bradstreet ^ was at the head of the 
column, with Pepperrell and the other higher officers in the rear. 
The French troops were drawn up in front of their barracks. 
Salutations were exchanged, and then the French "with their 
arms, music and standards" marched down to the shore, and 
were taken on board the transports which were to return them 
to their native land. The prisoners included six hundred and 
fifty veteran troops, thirteen hundred and ten militia and the 
crew of the Vigilant. Of the inhabitants, about two thousand 
were transported to France. In all fourteen ships were 
required for the removal of the French ; and when the embark- 
ation was completed, the vessels sailed for Rochefort. 

By the surrender there came into the possession of the 
victors seventy-six cannon and mortars,^ and a large amount of 
property, including prisoners and ammunition. As Pepperrell on 



' Mass. Soc. Proceedings, 2nd Series, Vol. 2, p. 435. 

- Col. Bradstreet, after the reduction of Louisburg, was made 
Governor of Newfoundland. He saw service in the French War, was a 
Major-General in 1772, and died in 1774. 

^ Major Pomeroy says a little above ninety were found besides a 
number of swivels, but the general statement is as above. 



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Maine at Lotiisburg in I'/ 45 43 

entering the town viewed the magnitude and strength of the 
defenses, he exclaimed, " The Almighty, of a truth, has been 
with us." The provincial loss during the siege was about one 
hundred and thirty.' The French loss was about three 
hundred. 

The joy on the part of the troops at this brilliant ending of 
their toil and sufferings can well be imagined. The fearful 
strain of the past seven weeks had told upon them physically. 
Many of their number were already broken in health, and were 
in hospitals improvised near their camps. But gladness ruled 
the hour,^ and they hoped for a speedy return to the homes 
they had left. 

General Pepperrell gave a banquet to his officers in honor 
of the surrender. One of the chaplains present. Parson 
Moody of York, the uncle of Mrs. Pepperrell, was called upon 
to ask the divine blessing. The parson was known to have the 
grace of continuance in his ministrations, and on an occasion so 
full of joy and thanksgiving it was expected that he would 
give large expression to the devout feelings which the sur- 
render had awakened in all hearts. To the amazement of the 
company, however, the parson's words were few. " Good 
Lord," he said, "we have so many things to thank thee for, 

' Gov. Shirley, in his letter to the Duke of Newcastle (p. 12), says 
the loss was " no more than loi men killed by the enemy and all other 
accidents from the time of landing to the reduction of the place, and 
about 30 who died of sickness." The same statement appears in " The 
Journal of the Siege of Louisburg," published in England. 

- Parson Moody of York preached on Sunday, June 23, from 
Prov. 8:6 : " Hear ; for I will speak of excellent things ; and the 
opening of my lips shall be right things ;" while Rev. Samuel Langdon 
of Portsmouth, N. H., afterward President of Harvard College, preached 
from Heb. 3:13: "But exhort one another daily, while it is called 
today ; lest any of you be hardened through the deceitfulness of sin." 



44 Maine at Loiiisbnrg in 1^45 

that time will be infinitely too short to do it ; we must there- 
fore leave it for the work of eternity. Bless our food and 
fellowship on this joyful occasion, for the sake of Christ our 
Lord, Amen." 

June 1 8th, Pepperrell wrote to Governor Shirley announc- 
ing the surrender of Louisburg. On the same day he united 
with Commodore Warren in an announcement of the victory 
to the Duke of Newcastle.' "The acquisition of this strong 
fortress," they say, " which exceeds our most extended appre- 
hension, will, we are persuaded, be of great advantage to His 
Majesty's dominions, especially in North America, and that 
immediate care will be taken for the defence thereof by the 
nation." 

The tidings of the capture awakened enthusiastic expres- 
sions of patriotic joy on both sides of the sea. Captain Bennett 
carried the official despatches to Boston, where he arrived about 
one o'clock on the morning of July 3rd. The good news was at 
once caught up and carried hither and thither. Before sunrise, 
bells were ringing and cannon thundering, while on every side 
were heard shouts of rejoicing on the part of young and old. 
The Rev. Dr. Colman, pastor of the Brattle Street church, 
wrote to Pepperrell that day : " O, the joy to us, Sir, this 
morning to hear of the surrender of the strong city to you, and 
since to read the pious ascriptions of all the glory to the most 
high God in your own and the worthy ofificers' letters to their 
friends and dear relatives ! the most joyous Commencement^ 
morning we had ever seen, and we waked like them that dream 

' Thomas Pelham, Duke of Newcastle, and at that time Secretary 
of State, was borti in 1693 and died in 1768. He was afterward First 
Lord of the Treasury. 

^ At Harvard Colle<re. 



Maine at Louisbiirg in 1^45 45 

at the ringing of the bells at four." Dr. Chauncy,' in his 
note of congratulation to Pepperrcll, wrote that the people 
before sunrise were as thick on the streets of Boston " as on 
an election day, and a pleasing joy visibly sat on the coun- 
tenance of every one met with." In the evening of July 3rd, 
the houses in Boston were illuminated, and, as Hubbard wrote 
to Pepperrell, there was ** a great variety of most curious 
fireworks." Colonel Nathaniel Sparhawk, Pepperrell's son-in- 
law, was in Boston at the time, and in a letter to Pepperrell, 
July 5th, in addition to what Dr. Colman wrote concerning the 
Harvard Commencement, which occurred on the day in which 
the news of the surrender was received, he wrote : " The 
President in his oration at Cambridge did you all the honor he 
could, nor can you think how much you'l be had in esteem by 
good men of all ranks. "^ Sermons, having reference to the 
Capture of Louisburg, were preached in many of the churches. 3 
But nowhere was the rejoicing greater than in Massa- 
chusetts counties in Maine, from which came the regiments of 

' Pepperrell Papers, Mass. Hist. vSoc. Coll., 6tli vSeries, Vol. 10, pp. 
306, 307- 

^ Pepperrell Papers, Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 6th Series, Vol. 10, 
p. 318. 

3 Rev. Thomas Prince, pastor of the Old South Church, Boston, 
took as his theme, " Extraordinary Events, the Doings of God." Rev. 
Jonathan Edwards, in a long letter to a correspondent in Scotland, dated 
November 20, 1745, an extract from which was published in " Christian 
History," Edinburgh, 1745, illustrated " the manifest hand of God in 
the details of the expedition which captured Louisburg." Mr. 
Edwards says : "I have had much opportunity to be well-informed of 
the circumstances of this affair, about twenty of my parishioners being 
present at the siege and surrender of the place, and among others, a 
Major of one of the regiments, and the General's Chaplain, both 
worthy pious men." (A copy of this interesting volume is in the 
Congregational Library in Boston.) 



46 Maine at Louisburg in 1^45 

Peppcrrell, Waldo and Moulton. In Pepperrell's own town, 
Kittcry, the manifestations of joy were peculiarly strong and 
heartfelt. The honors that were surely awaiting the com- 
mander of the provincial forces would also descend upon the 
place in which he was born, and in which he had been fitted 
for the service he had so patriotically rendered. Tidings of the 
surrender also awakened rejoicing in York, Berwick, Wells, 
Arundel, Biddeford, Scarborough, Falmouth, and places farther 
to the eastward. Referring to the tidings from Louisburg, 
Rev. Samuel Jefferds of Wells wrote to Lieutenant Colonel 
John Storer : *' I embrace this opportunity to express my 
joint praises and thanksgivings with you unto God for the 
marvellous things which he has herein done by and for you 
and for us, whose holy arm hath gotten him the victory. Here 
is a new song put into our mouths ; a song of praise to the 
Lord, for the avenging of Israel when the people willingly 
offered themselves. We bless God for what he has done, and 
acknowledge he has laid us under singular obligations of 
gratitude and thankfulness to those he has been pleased to 
honor by improving them as happy instruments in this truly 
great and glorious work. Our hearts should be, and I trust are, 
carried out in esteem and love, especially towards the Gov- 
ernors or Rulers of our New England Israel that offered 
themselves willingly among the people." Parson Smith, in his 
Journal under date of July 6th, made this entry : " We had 
news today that Cape Breton was taken the 27th of last 
month. There is great rejoicing throughout the country. We 
fired our cannon five times, and spent the afternoon at the 
fort rejoicing." The celebration was continued the next day, 
although it was Sunday, and the parson made this entry in 
his journal : " 7th, Sunday. Our people of the Neck were 



Maine at Loiiisburg in 1^45 47 

again all day rejoicing, and extravagantly blew off a vast 
quantity of powder." Throughout the province a day of public 
thanksgiving for the success of the provincial arms at Louis- 
burg was held July i8th.' 

The rejoicing in England was hardly less enthusiastic. In 
London the Tower guns were fired and the city was illumi- 
nated. The King, George IL, was at Hanover in Germany, 
but the Duke of Newcastle lost no time in forwarding to him 
the joint report of Warren and Pepperrell, and in a letter, 
August loth, the Duke of Newcastle wrote to Pepperrell, 
expressing the "gracious approbation " of the King and his 
great satisfaction at the successful issue ; and he added : " It is 
a great satisfaction to me to acquaint you that His Majesty has 
thought fit to distinguish the commanders-in-chief of this 
expedition by conferring on you the dignity of a Baronet of 
Great Britain (upon which I beg leave most sincerely to 
congratulate you), and by giving a flag to Mr. Warren, 
making him a Rear Admiral."-' The other officers of the 
expedition, in the land or sea service, were included in the 
King's expression of " highest satisfaction." Pepperrell 
received the Duke's letter at Louisburg, August 23, and in 
his reply he thanked the King for the *' great unexpected 



' The day was observed at Ivouisburg also, Rev. Elisha Williams, 
who had been president of Yale College, preaching the sermon. A 
sheep was given to each company, and a pint of wine was served to 
each man "to keep thanksgiving with." The wine in all probability 
was obtained from the captured French stores. 

^ In England an attempt was made to give Warren the chief credit 
for the Capture of Louisburg. Even later, Lord John Russell, in his 
introduction to the Bedford Correspondence, i. p. xliv, making this 
statement: "Commodore Warren, having been dispatched by the 
Duke of Bedford for that purpose, took Louisbourg." 



48 Maine at Louis burg in 1/43 

dignity " that has been conferred upon his family in creating 
him a Baronet.' 

In Boston the general joy was considerably lessened by 
rumors concerning the treatment Pepperrell received from 
Commodore Warren at the time of the surrender. It was 
reported that the keys of Louisburg were delivered to Warren, 
not to Pepperrell, and that throughout the proceedings in 
connection with the surrender, and also afterward, the 
Commodore acted too much as though the command of the 
place belonged to him. These rumors were doubtless occa- 
sioned by letters from persons connected with the provincial 
forces, and indignation was freely expressed. Dr. Chauncy 
wrote to Pepperrell : " It is indeed highly resented by every 
New England man in Boston, that Mr. Warren should pretend 
to assume the government at Louisburg, and he has lost a 
great deal of credit in the affair, and some things are said to 
your disadvantage for not exerting yourself for the honor of 
New England upon this occasion." Governor Shirley, in a 
letter to Pepperrell, July /th, gave expression to his fears as to 
the consequences of " Mr. Warren's designs to take upon 
himself the chief command on shore." These rumors concern- 
ing Commodore Warren's designs, however, rested only on 
suspicions which some of his actions unfortunately strength- 
ened. General Pepperrell received the keys of Louisburg, and 
later delivered them to Governor Shirley on the occasion of the 
latter's visit to the captured stronghold. Throughout the 
siege, evidently, Pepperrell was by no means pleased with 
Commodore Warren's attitude toward the provincial forces ; 

' Subsequently Pepperrell was made a Colonel in the British army, 
as also was Gov. Shirley, each with authority to raise a regiment in 
America, the 65 and 66 of the line. 



Maine at Lonisburg in 1^45 49 

but he was tactful in his deahngs with him. Doubtless, if a less 
resolute officer had been in command of the army, Commodore 
Warren would have assumed and held the supreme command; 
but Pepperrell was firm in maintaining his position as com- 
mander of the land forces, and without creating open antag- 
onism he succeeded in keeping the Commodore in his position 
as commander of the sea forces. In his report to Governor 
Shirley concerning the surrender, he made a most generous 
reference to Commodore Warren's services." 

Duchambon ^ and his associates brought to France a story 
of neglect and disaster. Criminations and recriminations 
followed. De Luynes, in his Memoirs, has this to say 
concerning the state of things : " People have been willing to 
doubt about this affair of Louisburg, but unhappily it is only 
too certain. These misfortunes have given rise to altercations 
among ministers. It is urged that M. Maurepas is at fault in 
having allowed Louisburg to fall for the want of munitions. 
The friends of M. Maurepas contend that he did all that was 
possible, but could not obtain the necessary funds from the 
Treasury." 

Some of Pepperrell's officers and men who were much 
needed at home were allowed to return soon after the 

' " I esteem it of the happiest consequence that His Majesty's ships 
were sent here under the command of a gentleman whose distinguished 
merit and goodness New England claims a particular right to honor and 
rejoice in. I should want words to express the instances of his zeal in 
the affair, and the entire readiness he has shown through the whole of 
it, to give the army all possible assistance, but to your Excellency and 
every one who knows him, it is enough to say Commodore Warren was 
here." Letter of June i8, 1745. See Parsons' Life of Sir William 
Pepperrell, p. 105. 

^ Duchambon's account of the siege, dated Rochefort, Sept. 2, 
1745, is in Collection de Manuscrits (Quebec), Vol. 3, p. 237. 



so Maine at Louisburg in 1^45 

surrender. The larger number, however, were retained until 
they could be relieved by other troops ordered thither from 
Gibraltar. In a letter' to his wife, September nth, Pepperrell 
wrote : " We have not as yet any answer to our express's from 
England, and it being uncertain whether I shall return this 
winter, although it is the earnest desire of my soul to be with 
you and my dear family, I desire to be made willing to submit 
to him that rules and governs all things well; as to leave this 
place without liberty I don't think I can on any account." 

Much sickness prevailed in the months following the 
surrender, as well as before.^ In this letter to Mrs. Pepperrell 
reference is made to the critical illness of Dr. Bulman of 
York, surgeon of Pepperrell's regiment, who had been placed 
in charge of the sick at Louisburg. "And now my dear, I 
must tell you something of the distress and anguish of my soul. 
My prudent and valiant Dr. Bulman, although he has had his 

' Manuscript letter, Willis Papers, Vol. Q., Public Library, 
Portland, Maine. 

^ From the last of November, 1745, to January 28, 1746, there 
were 561 burials at Louisburg, and Pepperrell's force was reduced to 
less than one thousand men capable of service. The diary of Lieut. 
Dudley Bradstreet has many references to the sickness and death of 
officers and men at Louisburg, between Aug. ist, and the close of the 
year. Proceedings of the Mass. Hist. Soc, 2nd Series, Vol. 11, pp. 
440-446, When in August, 1751, there was a call for troops. Sir 
William Pepperrell wrote to Lieut. Gov. Phips : "I have received 
your Honor's favor of the 31st of last month, wherein I am directed to 
enlist fifty ablebodied men out of the regiment under my command, 
and to send them to Falmouth, to be under the directions of Col. 
Kzekiel Gushing — upon sight of which I sent for Capt. John Harmon, 
who I think to be a good officer and directed him to enlist the said men. 
I likewise wrote to all the Captains in this regiment to assist him, and 
hope your orders will soon be complied with, although men in this part 
of the Country are very scarce by reason that many was lost at Louis- 
bourg, Meanus [Minas] and going there." 



Maine at Lotnsburg in 1^45 51 

health finely until about six days past, was taken with a 
nervous fever and given over. I expected the day past he 
would not have lived, but blessed be God there is some hope 
this morning. The Lord in great mercy continue him to us if 
it is his holy and blessed will." Dr. Bulman must have died 
not long after, as his death is mentioned in a letter from 
Benjamin and Mary Colman, dated Boston, September 21, 
1785 ; " Mr. Jones of this town is arrived this morning, and 
brings us the sorrowful news of the death of Dr. Bulman."' 

The General Court of Massachusetts voted a congratulatory 
address to Pepperrell and to his officers and men ; also to 
Warren and his ofificers and men. The provincial troops were 
not relieved by the British regulars from Gibraltar until toward 
the end of March, 1746 ; and not many weeks after they made 
their way back to their New England homes. Pepperrell and 
Warren remained at Louisburg until June 6,^ 1746, when they 
sailed for Boston, where they arrived June 24th, and were 
received with high honors by Governor Shirley and other prom- 
inent officials. Admiral Warren soon sailed for England.^ July 
4th, Sir William left Boston on his return to Kittery. On his 
way thither, at the various court towns, he was received with the 
ringing of bells, the firing of cannon, and other expressions of 

' Proceedings Mass. Hist. Soc, 2nd Series, Vol. 11, p. 373. 

* Baxter Manuscripts, Maine Historical Society's Documentary 
History, 2nd Series, Vol. 11, pp. 325, 326. 

' For distinguished services in the sea fight off Cape Finisterre in 
1747, he was made Knight of the Bath. He died July 29th, 1752, and was 
buried in the north transept of Westminster Abbey. He married 
Susan, eldest daughter of Stephen de Lancy and Ann Van Cortlandt of 
New York. Warren and Pepperrell remained strong friends and 
exchanged portraits. A replica of the portrait of Pepperrell is in 
Salem, Mass., while the original is said to be in the possession of 
Warren's descendants in England. 



52 Maine at Louisburg in iy45 

welcome. At Portsmouth he dined with Governor Wentworth, 
and in the evening, in the castle barge, he was taken across the 
river to his home in Kittery. His reception there was the 
warm, heartfelt greeting of his family and fellow-townsmen. 
During his absence he had won fame for himself, and added 
territory to the dominions of the crown ; and his friend and 
neighbors crowded around him and hailed him with tributes of 
affectionate regard. 

One of the men from Maine most signally failed to 
receive just recognition for his services at Louisburg, namely, 
Lieutenant Colonel William Vaughan. In the various move- 
ments for the reduction of the French stronghold he bore a 
heroic part. After the surrender he made his way to London 
expecting that his services would secure some adequate 
reward. In this he was sorely disappointed. While in 
London he was stricken at length with smallpox, and died in 
December, 1746, aged forty-three years.' 
/ Pepperrell's soldiers also failed to secure expected tangible 
rewards. The spoils of Louisburg had little or no money 
value.^ For the most part, only the officers and sailors of the 



' Col. William Vaughan of Matinicus and Damariscotta, by Hon. 
William Goold, Collections of the Me. Hist. Soc, First Series, Vol. 8, 
pp. 307-9. See also concerning William Vaughan, "The Importance 
and Advantage of Cape Breton," pp. 128-132. 

^ Morris O'Brien, who served during the siege in Capt. Peter 
Staples' Company, brought home, on his return from Louisburg, a 
brass mortar and pestle. This is now the property of his great, great 
granddaughter, Mrs. Josephine O'Brien Campbell of Cherryfield, 
Maine, who has loaned it to the Maine Historical Society. Capt. Moses 
Pearson of Falmouth received as his share of the spoils of Louisburg 
two cannon. These he brought home, and soon after the cannon were 
mounted at Spring Point, Cape Elizabeth, on the site of P'ort Preble. 
This was the first attempt to erect harbor defences at this Poiut. The 




Brass Mortar and Pestle Brought from Louisburg 
BY Morris O'Brien 



Maine at Loiiisbtirg in 1^45 53 

fleet were in any way enriched by the expedition. A few days 
after the surrender, three large French vessels were captured 
seeking to enter the harbor of Louisburg. Vessels and cargoes 
had an estimated value of 1^700,000. Under similar circum- 
stances, a few weeks later, a still richer prize, a French vessel 
having on board gold and silver to the amount of more than 
$4,000,000, was captured off Louisburg. In this case, as in 
the others, one-half of the prize money went to the crown, 
and the other half to the officers and men of the fleet, every 
one of the latter receiving, it is said, more than ;^4,ooo. 

But if the provincial soldiers were not enriched by the 
spoils of Louisburg, they received during their service there 
many exceedingly valuable lessons. Best of all they learned 
the power of united action in the execution of some great 
purpose. It was the victory at Louisburg that inspired them 
with the resolve to bring to a speedy end French influence and 
French dominion on this continent. Many of the men from 
Maine, as elsewhere in New England, who served at Louisburg, 
served also in the armies that a few years later at Lake George 
drove the advancing French forces back to their strongholds 
on the St. Lawrence, to be finally overcome by Wolfe on the 
Plains of Abraham in 1759. Some of them, and many of their 
sons, were among the first to respond to the Lexington Alarm 

cannon have disappeared, and search for them in recent years has not 
been rewarded. An iron cross on the garrison chapel at Louisburg was 
brought to Boston by some of the Massachusetts troops, and came at 
length into the possession of Harvard College. It was kept in Harvard 
Hall until 1841. It was then stored in the building in which was the 
exhibition of the panorama of Athens. In 1845, this building was 
burned, but the cross was recovered and placed in Gore Hall, the 
library of the College. Justin Winsor, while librarian at Harvard, 
caused the cross to be gilded and placed over the library entrance. 
For greater security, it is now kept in Gore Hall. 



54 Maine at Louisburg in 1^45 

in 1775. The drums that were heard at Louisburg were heard 
at Bunker Hill, and on other battlefields of the Revolution. 
The Louisburg expedition was a school for the New England 
militia.' Moreover, it brought the provinces into close and 
harmonious relations, and developed that power which was at 
length manifested in the great struggle, which was finally won 
at Yorktown, and which made the united colonies the United 
States. 

On the seventeenth of June, 1895, the one hundred and 
fiftieth anniversary of the capture of Louisburg, the Society of 
Colonial Wars unveiled on the ruins of the French stronghold 
a handsome monument commemorating the victory won by the 
New England troops under Lieutenant General Pepperrell, and 
by the British and Colonial fleets under Commodore Warren 
and Captain Tyng. The New York Society was prominent in 
the erection of this memorial, but generous subscriptions were 
received from other State societies and from the General 
Society. The memorial, twenty-six feet in height and weigh- 
ing sixteen tons, consists of a polished granite shaft resting on 
a pedestal, and stands on an elevated position not far from the 
spot where Pepperrell received from the French Commander 
the keys of the fortress in token of surrender..^ 

' Edward Everett's Oration, "The Seven Years' War a School of 
the Revolution." An Oration delivered at Worcester, Mass., on the 
Fourth of July, 1833. Orations, Vol. I. 

^ A Louisburg Memorial Fund, under the patronage of the King of 
Great Britain, has been organized for the purpose of erecting a suitable 
memorial of the 1758 siege and capture of Louisburg. The work has 
been directed to the protection of the ruins of the old French Fortress, 
and was commenced in November, 1903. The outside walls have been 
cleared of their earth covering and also cemented. The inside arches 
have also been cemented, and the floors cleared of the accumulations of 
a century and a half. It is expected that ere long a memorial tower 
will be erected, marking the spot where France made her last stand in 
Acadia. 





Monument at LouisburCx Erkcted in 1895 bv the 
Society of Colonial Wars 



ASCERTAINABLE LISTS OF 

OFFICERS AND MEN FROM WHAT IS NOW 

THE STATE OF MAINE 

WHO WERE AT 

LOUISBURG WITH PEPPERRELL IN 1745. 



LISTS OF MAINE OFFICERS 

AND MEN 

The rolls of the men who served in the Ivouisburg expedition of 
1745, have not been preserved so far as is now known. They are not in 
the Massachusetts archives, and it has been supposed that they were 
sent to England by Gen. Pepperrell. In a letter which he addressed to 
the Duke of Newcastle June 28, 1745, — accordingly, not long after the 
surrender, — Pepperrell wrote : "I have now the honor to enclose to 
your Grace an account of what troops were raised in each of His- 
Majesty's governments in New England which were aiding in this 
expedition and the present state of them. ' ' This statement has awakened 
in some the hope that the "account " mentioned might have been broad 
enough to include a roll of the colonial forces under Pepperrell's 
command ; and that an examination of the documents in the records 
offices of the British government in London would bring such a roll to 
light. A more or less extended examination in these offices has been 
made at different times by persons interested in the history of the 
expedition, but no rolls of Pepperrell's men have been found. 

The most careful search in this direction was made in 1897, in accor- 
dance i^with a resolve passed by the General Court of Massachusetts 
directing the Secretary of State, Col. William M. Olin, to ascertain and 
report whether or not there are in existence in England, rolls of the 
Fifth Massachusetts Colonial Regiment, and of all the forces engaged in 
the Louisburg expedition of the year 1745. In accordance with this 
action of the General Court, Col. Olin addressed a letter to the Depart- 
ment of State at Washington, requesting that the proper inquiry might 
be made through the regular official channels, deeming that course more 
likely to be effectual than any other. Hon. John Sherman was at that 
time Secretary of State, and in response to this request of Secretary 
Olin, he made the inquiry through Hon. John Hay, then our ambassador 
to the Court of Great Britain. Mr. Hay referred the inquiry to Mr. B. 
F. Stevens, the United States despatch agent in London, an expert on 



58 Maine at Louisburg in 1^45 

such subjects. In his reply to Mr. Sherman, October 9, 1897, Mr. Hay 
wrote that every facility was afforded to Mr. Stevens by " the officers of 
the record office in his careful search among the documents of the 
colonial, admiralty, audit and war offices, and, though his search for the 
desired rolls was unsuccessful, he nevertheless obtained certain col- 
lateral information as to the colonial forces engaged in this expedition ; " 
and he enclosed a letter from Mr. Stevens expressing his regret that he 
was unable to find the desired rolls and adding the following concerning 
this collateral information : 

" In the absence of the desired rolls, I have sought for collateral 
information as to the colonial forces engaged in this expedition. There 
are four thin books in the audit office, unique of their kind, giving the 
skeleton ' establishment ' of the Cape Breton forces in 1 745-48. The 
number of men is given, but not the names." 

' " Among the colonial ofiice papers is a register of the commissions 
in the army under the command of the Hon. William Pepperrell for an 
expedition against the French settlement at Cape Breton. This register 
gives the names of the officers of the forces sent out by Massachusetts> 
New Hampshire and Connecticut that captured Louisburg, June 17, 1745-" 
There remained a possibility that in some way the rolls of 
Pepperrell's men at Louisburg might have found a place in the 
archives in the Provincial Building at Halifax, Nova Scotia ; and the 
General Court of Massachusetts in 1898 authorized and instructed the 
Secretary of the Commonwealth to ascertain and report to the General 
Court whether or not there were any such rolls in existence there. 
Colonel Olin visited Halifax for this purpose, and though a careful 
search was made for any such rolls, it was unavailing. 

I am inclined to the opinion, therefore, that one of the " four 
thin books," found by Mr. Stevens in the audit office in London, 
contains the information given by Gen. Pepperrell in his "account of 
what troops were raised in each of His Majesty's governments in New 
England" in connection with the Louisburg expedition of 1745. 
Pepperrell's statement seems to indicate that just such information as 
is there found, giving the number of men comprising the colonial 
forces in the expedition, was communicated by him, when he wrote to 
the Duke of Newcastle, June 28, 1745. If so, there is no hope that any 



Maine at Louisburg in 1^45 59 

added exploration among the papers of the record offices in London, or 
elsewhere, will meet with better success. 

Accordingly I have attempted, in connection with the foregoing 
account of Maine at Louisburg in 1745, to bring together as many of 
the names of Maine men who served under Pepperrell in that mem- 
orable expedition as it now seems possible to obtain. In doing this I 
have been largely indebted to the earlier labors of Hon. Edward E. 
Bourne of Kennebunk and Hon, Charles Hudson of Lexington, Mass. 
Mr. Bourne, in 1S66, prepared a list of two hundred and twenty-one 
names of officers and men who were with Pepperrell at Louisburg. 
This list was published in volume 22 (April 1868) of the New England 
Historical and Genealogical Register, pp. 116, 117. In an introductory 
note Mr. Bourne said he had been surprised to learn ' ' that the rolls of 
the 3250 men who were engaged in that memorable expedition " were 
not to be found in the archives of Massachusetts. His list, consisting 
largely of the names of Maine officers and men, is as follows : 

Hon. E. E. Bourne's List of Officers and Men. 

Company under the command of Col. John Storer. 

John Fairfield (ist Lieut.), Nathaniel Kimball (2d Lieut.), John 
Keene, Charles White, Daniel Sayer (Clerk), Joseph Taylor, Benjamin 
Curtis, Pendleton Fletcher (Corporal), Ichabod Cousins (Sergeant), 
Joshua Lasell, Peter Rich, Enoch Davis (Sergeant), Phillip Devotion, 
Matthew Lindsey, James Jypson, Edward Evans, Lemuel Clark, John 
Burks, James Read, James Littlefield, John Huston, Aaron Lord, 
John Crediford, Benjamin March, John Look (Sergeant), Joshua 
Kimball (Corporal), Ichabod Dunham, Isaac Danforth, Benjamin 
Jellison (Corporal), Joseph Crediford, Ichabod Jellison, Isaac Buswell, 
William Robinson, Matthew Robinson, Caleb Kimball, Ebenezer 
Littlefield, Joseph Curtis, John Bagshaw, Joseph Webber, Joshua 
Adams, Benjamin Curtis,' Joseph Taylor,' Jonathan Adams (Corporal), 
Aaron Lord,' William Curtis, Benjamin Jacobs, James Wilson, Joseph 
Boston, John McDaniel, John Dean, John Eldridge, Simeon Merrifield,. 

' Same names already given, but not necessarily the same party. 



6o Maine at Louisburg in I 'J 45 

James Gilpatrick, John Wakefield, Jr., Edmund Welch, Thomas 
Wheelright, John Winn, Gershom Boston, Shebuleth Boston, James 
Littlefield, Jr., Benjamin Hatch (Sergeant), Caleb Kimball, Jr., John 
Canaway, Benjamin Cousins. 

Captain Cornelius Soul's Company. 
John Ross, Nathaniel Fairfield, Peter Pendergrass, Amos Harris. 

Captain John Kinslagh's Company. 

Thomas Mahony, Corporal Butler, Lawrence Allen, Daniel 

McMarrow, Abraham Martin, Richard Linch, Daniel McEffee. 

Captain Thomas Perkins's Company. 
Bryant Paul, John Hamor, Jesse Dorman, Stephen Harding, Asa 
Burbank, Nathan Martin, Eliphalet Perkins, Richard Perry, James 
Deshon, Jeremiah Springer, Allison Lassell, Joseph Cole, John Carr, 
Jonathan Thompson, Edward Stuart, Samuel Hutchins, Nathaniel 
Bailey, Timothy Burbank, Jedediah Wakefield, Amos Hardy, Benjamin 
Cousens, David Hutchins, Enoch Danforth, Rolandson Bond, 
Shadrach Watson, James Sampson, Stephen Averill, Levi Hutchins, 
Benjamin Palmore. 

Captain Moses Pierson's' Company. 
David Doughty, John Ayres. 

Captain Moses Butler's Company. 
John Lewis, Moses Spenser, John Nason, Ichabod Corson, Thomas 
Withum, John Conner, Ephraim Joy, Samuel Holmes, William Perry, 
John Clark, Solomon Walker, Samuel Jones, Samuel Grant, Samuel 
Lord, Joseph White, Nathan Lord, Israel Pierce, Peter Grant 
(Lieutenant), Israel Honewell, Elias Grant, Adam Goodwin, William 
Chadboume, Noah Nason, John Davis, Samuel Getchell, John Pierce, 
James Stimpson, Samuel Allen, James Gerrish, James Mecarel, Nathan 
Goodwin, Gideon May,Ichabod Tibbets, Ezekiel Wentworth.^ 

■ Sometimes Pearson's. 

'^ The late Rev. George Lewis, D. D., of South Berwick, in answer to an inquiry, 
wrote as follows concerning this list : " The following were connected with the church of 
which I am now pastor : Peter Butler, Peter Grant, Moses Spencer, John Nason, John 



Maine at Louisburg in 1^45 6l 

Major Cutts's Company. 
Enoch Hutchins. Henry Miles, Job Ivunt, Dennis Downing, Joseph 
Troy, Nathaniel Hicks, John Carter, Bray Dearing, Samuel Billings, 
Patrick Loller, James Webber, John Tobey, John Pariman, Daniel 
Catten, Thomas Arcules, Ebenezer Leach, Samuel Cluff, Moses 
Furnald, William Furbish, Robert More, Enoch Stevens, Solomon 
Rose, Samuel Hooper, James Spinney. 

Captain Peter Staples's Company. 
Thomas Hardy (ist Lieutenant), John Burbank (2d Lieutenant), 
George Knight, Parker Gowel, Hugh McLellan, John Furbish, James 
Goodwin, Samuel Chadbovtrne, John Try, John Pudsleigh, Josiah Clark, 
John Lydstone, Edward Hammond, Peter Withum, Daniel Lydstone, 
Benjamin Leach, Andrew Green, Daniel Wilson, Joshua Brooks, 
James Abbot, Ichabod Corsen, Uriah Hanscom, Zimri Hanscom, Simeon 
Dam, George Marriner, Thomas Allen, Bartholomew Withum, John 
Thompson, John Ayers, Jonathan Thomas. 

Captain William Warner's Company of Boston.' 
Thomas Lisinby, Benjamin Ropes, John Layer, Robert Gilbert, 
James Thom. 

Captain Nathaniel Donnell's Company. 
Josiah George, Sergeant Dotson, Shubael Boston, Jonathan 
Say ward, David Morrison, John Clement, Leavitt, Joseph Boston. 



Connor, Ephraim Joy, Solomon Walker, Samuel Grant, Samuel Lord, Joseph White, 
Nathan Lord, Israel Pierce, Elias Grant, Wm. Chadbourne, Samuel Getchel, James 
Stimpson, James Gerrish, Gideon May and Ezekiel Wentwortli. The other names in the 
list were common names in this region one hundred and sixty years ago, with the possible 
exception of Mecarel and Honewell, and it is probable that all of them were Berwick 
men." 

' Col. William M. Olin, Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 
in answer to an inquiry as to the residence of Captain Warner, makes the following 
statement : " The only reference to William Warner in connection with the military 
service during the province period is that found in the Register of Commissioned 
Officers secured by this office from the State Paper Office in London. An examination 
was made of the record index to the muster rolls series covering the period 1710-1774 in 
order to ascertain whether or not he might have rendered service in a previous campaign, 
but no reference whatever was found to the name William Warner. I am unable, there- 
fore, to supply you with any information as to his actual or probable place of residence." 



62 Maine at Louisburg in 1745 

Rev. Samuel Moody, of York, as is well known, was one of the 
<2haplains. Dr. Alexander Bulman, of York, was a Surgeon, and died 
in the service. 

When Mr. Bourne, in 1875, published his History of Wells and 
Kennebunk, he inserted the following list of the men of Wells who 
served under Pepperrell at L,ouisburg in 1745 : 

Col. John Storer, Capt. ; John Fairfield, ist Lieut. ; Nathaniel 
Kimball, 2d Lieut. ; Daniel Sayer, Clerk ; Enoch Davis,' Sergt. ; 
Benjamin Hatch, Sergt. ; Ichabod Cousins, Sergt. ; John Look, Sergt. ; 
Benjamin Jellison, Corp. ; Joshua Kimball,' Corp. ; Pendleton Fletcher, 
Corp. ; Jonathan Adams, Corp. ; Isaac Buswell, Drummer ; John 
Huston, John Sinkler, James Gilpatrick, John McDaniel, James Read, 
Benjamin Jacobs, Gershom Boston, Thomas Boston, Joshua Lasell, John 
Crediford, Edward Evans, Joseph Crediford, Edmund Welch, Joseph 
Taylor, Benjamin Curtis, Thomas Wheelright, William Robinson, James 
Littlefield," Matthew Linsey, EHmuel Clark, Joshua Adams, James Reed, 
Aaron Lord, Peter Rich, John Eldridge, Simeon Merryfield, Michael 
Wilson, Joseph Boston, Matthew Robison,' Joseph Webber, Ichabod 
Dunham, James Jepson, Isaac Danforth, John Dean, Philip Devotion, 
John Burks, Charles White, Ebenezer Littlefield, Joseph Curtis, Caleb 
Kimball, John Kenne, William Curtis,' Ichabod Jellison, John Bagshaw, 
James Littlefield, Jr., John Canaway, Jedediah JPreble, Shebuleth 
Boston, James Wilson.' 

Hon. Charles Hudson's List oif Ofmcers. 

In the New England Historical and Genealogical Register for 
October, 1870, (pp. 367-380,) Hon. Charles Hudson, who for many 
years had been interested in collecting the names of those who had 
served under Pepperrell at Louisburg, published a list of the commis- 
sioned officers in that expedition, his attention having been called to it 
by the librarian of the Massachusetts Historical Society. This list, which 
belonged to the Belknap papers in the possession of the Society, is the 

1 Died at Louisburg. 



Maine at Louisburg in ly^^ 63 

same as the list which Mr. Stevens found among the papers in the 
Colonial office in Ivondon, and which is published by the Society in the 
appendix to the tenth volume of the Sixth Series of the Society's Col- 
lections (pp. 497-515) . except that it contains additional names of officers 
commissioned at a later date, and some other regiments. 

The following is the list of general officers thus obtained and also 
of the commissioned officers of the three Maine regiments in Pepperrell's 
expeditionary force, namely Pepperrell's, Waldo's and Moulton's. 

General Officers. 
William Pepperrell, Esq., Lieut. General and Commander-in-Chief 
of all the Forces by Sea and Land in sd Expedition, &c., dated 31st Jan., 
1745- From Gov. Shirley and Gov. Law and Gov. Wentworth, with a 
Commission from Gov. Shirley to hold Courts Martial, March 19th, 
1744, and to appoint necessary and proper Officers therefor. Roger 
Wolcott, Esq., Major General, from Gov. Shirley, dated March 7, 1745, 
Samuel Waldo, Esq., Brig. Gen., dated Feb. 7, 1745, from Gov. Shirley. 
Joseph Dwight, Brig. Gen., dated Feb. 20, 1745, from Gov. Shirley. 

Commissions in the First Regiment of the Massachusetts Troops 
received from Gov. Shirley. 
Hon. Wm. Pepperrell, Esq., Col. and Capt. of the ist Co., 3i3t Jan. 
1744; John Bradstreet, Esq., 2d Col. and Capt. of the 2d Co.; Feb., 1744; 
John Storer, Esq., 2d Lieut. Col. and Capt. of the 3d Co., 5th Feb., 1744; 
Richard Cutt, Esq., Maj. and Capt. of the 4th A. Co., 5th Feb., 1744; 
Peter Staples, Capt. Lieut., ist Co., 5th Feb., 1744 ; Eph. Baker,' Capt. 
2d Co., i6th Feb., 1744; John Kinsleagh,' Capt. 5th Co., 2d Feb., 1744; 
John Harman, Capt., 6th Co., 5th Feb. ; Moses Butler, Capt., 7th Co., 
5th Feb.; Thomas Perkins, Capt. 8th Co., 5th Feb.; Will Warner, 
Capt., 9th Co., 5th Feb.; Moses Pearson, Capt., loth Co., 6th Feb. ; 
John Butler, Lieut. 2d Co., i6th Feb.; John Fairfield, Lieut. 3d Co., 
5th Feb.; Bray Deering, Lieut., 4th Co., 5th Feb.; Andrew Watkins, 

Lieut., 5th Co., 2d Feb. ; Benj. Harman, Lieut. 6th Co., 5th Feb. ; 

Lieut. 7th Co., ; John Burbank, Lieut., 8th Co., 5th Feb. ; George 

1 2d and 5th Companies were from Massachusetts. 



64 Maine at Louisbnrg in 174^ 

Gerrish, Lieut., 9th Co., 5th Feb. ; George Knight, Lieut., 10th Co., 6th 
Feb.; George Gowell, 2d Lieut., ist Co., 5th Feb.; Joel Whittemore, 
Ensign, ist Co., 5th Feb. ; John Greenough, Josiah Rice, Ensigns, 2d 
Co., i6th Feb. ; Nathaniel Kimball, Ensign, 3d Co., 5th Feb. ; Charles 
Cavenaugh, Ensign, 5th Co., 2d Feb. ; Jos. Weeks, Ensign, 4th Co., 5th 

Feb.; Thos. Adams, Ensign, 6th Co., 5th Feb.; Ensign, 7th Co., 

; Tho. Hardy, Ensign, 8th Co., 5th Feb. ; John Bridge, Ensign, 

9th Co., 5tli Feb.; James Springer, Ensign, loth Co., 6th Feb.; Jos. 
Goldthwait, Adjutant, 12th March; John Gorman Armourer, ist Feb. 

Joseph Stevens, afterwards, Lieut., Nov. 28th, 1745; Danl, Wilson, 
afterwards. Ensign; Christopher Jephson, afterwards, ist Lieut., June 
17th; Thos. Callis, afterwards, Lieut., Aug. 2d ; Peter Grant, afterwards, 
Lieut., Feb. 5th, 1744; John Lewis, afterwards. Ensign, Feb. 5th ; Joel 
Whittemore, afterwards, Lieut., July 20th; Wm. Crosby, afterwards. 
Adjutant, July 20th ; Edmund D wight, afterwards. Captain, Oct. 15th; 
Nathl. Collins, afterwards, Lieut., Oct. 15th ; Jonathan Kellogg, after- 
wards. Captain, Oct. 15th ; Aaron Hitchcock, afterwards, Lieut., Oct. i6th. 

Benj. Titcomb, Ensign Bagly's Co., Nov. i, 1745 ; Nathan Payson, 
Lieut. Capt. Pearson's Co., Feb. 28, 1745; David Gunnison, Ens. Capt. 
Staples's Co., May i, 1746; Joshua Insley, Ens. Capt. Pearson's Co., 
May I, 1746. 

Commissions granted by Gov. Shirley at Louisburg. 

John Shaw, Lieut, in Gen. Pepperrell's Regt., Oct. 27, 1745. 

Commissions in the Second Massachusetts Regiment, whereof 
the Hon. Samuel Waldo, Esq., is Colonel. 
Samuel Waldo, Esq., Col. and Capt., ist Co., 5th Feb., 1744; Arthur 
Noble, Esq., Lieut. Col. and Capt., 2d Co., 5th Feb. ; William Hunt, 
Major, 15th Feb. ; Samuel Moodey, Capt., ist Co., gtli Feb. ; John 
Watts, Capt., 2d Co., 8th Feb. ; Philip Dumaresque, Capt., 3rd Co., 8th 
Feb.; Benj. Goldthwaith, Capt., 4th Co., 9th Feb.; Danl. Hale, Capt., 
5th Co., nth Feb.; Jacob Stevens, Capt., 6th Co, 9th Feb.; James 
Noble, Capt., 7th Co., 8th Feb.; Richd. Jacques, Capt., 8th Co., 9th 
Feb.; Danl. Fogg, Capt., 9th Co., T3th Feb.; Jere. Richardson, Capt., 
loth Co., 8th Feb.; Charles Proctor, Lieut., ist Co., 9th Feb. ; James 
Noble, Lieut., 2d Co., 8th Feb. ; Josiah Crosby, Lieut., 3d Co., 8th Feb. ; 



Maine at Louis burg in 1^45 65 

Charles Harrison, Lieut., 4th Co., 9th Feb. ; James Bailey, Lieut., 5th 
Co., iitli Feb.; Ste£hgiiJ^/;gbster, Lieut., 6th Co., 9th Feb.; Solomon 
Bragdon, Lieiit., 7th Co., 8th Feb.; Wm. Allen, Lieut., 8th Co., 19th 
Feb. ; John Libbee, Lieut., 9th Co., i6th Feb.; Clemt. Chamberlain, 
Lieut., loth Co., 8th Feb. ; John Murphej^ Ensign, istCo., 9th Feb. ; 
John Cargill, Ensign, 2d Co., 8th Feb.; Tho. French, Ensign 3rd Co., 
15th Feb.; Joseph Newhall, Ensign, 4th Co., Mar. 5, 1744; Abraham 
Edwards, Ensign, 5th Co., Feb. 11; Edmond Morse, Ensign, 6th Co., 
Feb. 9; Danl. Mesharvey, Ensign, 7th Co., Feb. 8; Edward Clark, 
Ensign, 8th Co., Feb. 9; Jona. Lord, Ensign, 9th Co., Feb. i6th ; John 
Russell, Ensign, loth Co., Feb. 8; John Shaw, Second Lieut., June 12 ; 
Nathl. Mountford, Commissary, March 9, 1744; Benj. Williams, Lieut, 
in Maj. Noble's Co., Jan. 10, 1745; Benj. Easterbrooks, Lieut. Capt. 
Soul's Co., March 3, 1745 ; Jona. Trumbal, Lieut, in Capt. Watkin's Co., 
March 17, 1745; Joseph Waldo, ist Lieut, in Brig. Waldo's Co., March 
28, 1746. 

John Lemmon, afterwards. Ensign, May 10, 1745; Andrew Watkins, 
afterwards, Capt. 8th Co., May 4, 1745; Joseph Newhall, afterwards, ist 
Lieut., July 20; Sebastian Zouberbhuler, afterwards. Captain, Jan. 10; 
John Sterns, afterwards, Capt. of a Co., Nov. 30, 1745. 

Commissions granted by Gov. Shirley at Louisburg. 
John Huston, Capt., Oct. 2, 1745; James Fry, Capt., Oct. 2; Ephm. 
Hayward, Capt., Oct. 2; Jona. Hubbard, Capt., Oct. 2; Jos. Clark, 
Capt., Oct. 24; Saml. Waldo, Jr., Capt., Oct. 12; Jona. Smith, Capt., 

Oct. 21 ; Abm. Edwards, Capt., Oct. 2 ; James Noble, Major; 

Clark, Lieut; Thos. Waldron, Lieut., Oct. 12; John Moore, Lieut., Oct. 
21; Jeremy Pearson, Lieut., Oct. 2; Jona. Hoar, Lieut., Oct. 29; Jeremy 
Powers, Ensign, Oct. 21; John March, 2d Lieut. Oct. 2; Benj. Butter- 
field, Ensign, Oct. 29; John Malcomb, Ensign, Oct. 29; Elisha Strong, 
2d Lieut., Oct. 2; Dudley Bradstreet, 2d Lieut., Oct. 2; John Fry, ist 
Lieut, in Capt. Fry's Co., Oct. 2, 1745; Nathl. Pettingall, 2d Lieut, in 
2d Co., Oct. 2; John Bell, Lieut, in Capt. Howard's Co., Oct. 2. 

Commissions in the Third Massachusetts Regiment, whereof 
the Hon. Jere. Moulton, Esq., is Colonel. 
Jeremiah Moultou, Esq., Col. and Capt., ist Co., Feb. 5, 1744; Nathl. 



66 Maine at Lonisbnrg in 1^45 

Donnell, Esq., Lieut. Col. and Capt., 2(1 Co., Feb. 5; Edward Ellis, 
Esq., Major and Capt., 3rd Co., Feb. 25, 1744; Christopher Marshall, 
Capt., 3rd Co., Feb. 15; James Grant, Capt., 4th Co., Feb. i ; Chas. King, 
Capt., 5th Co., Feb. i; Peter Prescott, Capt. 6th Co., Feb. 9; Amnii 

Ruammah Cutter, Capt., 7th Co., ; Saml. Rhodes, Capt., 8th Co., 

Jan. 29; Bartholomew Trow, Capt., 9th Co., Feb. 15 ; Estes Hatch, Capt., 

lothCo., Feb. 4; , Capt. L/ieut., ist Co., ■ ; , Lieut., 2d 

Co., ; Benj. Stansbury, Lieut., 3rd Co., Feb. i; Bcnj.Phippen, Lieut., 

4th Co., Feb. I ; John Marston, Lieut., 5th Co., Feb. 4; William Larken, 

Lieut., 6th Co., Feb. 9; , Lieut., 7th Co., ; Jona. Hartshorn, 

Lieut., 8th Co., Feb. 8th ; Joseph Miller, Lieut. 9th Co., Feb. 15 ; Ebenr. 

Newhall, Lieut., loth Co., Feb. 4; , 2d Lieut., ist Co., ; 

, 2d Lieut., 2d Co., ; Nathl. Richardson, Ensign, 3rd Co., 

Feb. 15; Israel Porter, Ensign, 4th Co., Feb. i ; Joseph Gerrish, Ensign, 

5tli Co., Feb. 14; Jona. Hoar, Ensign, 6th Co., Feb. 9; , Ensign, 

7tli Co., ; John Hearsey, Ensign, 8th Co., Feb. 8th; Joseph 

Fairbanks, Ensign, 9tli Co., Feb. 8; Ebenr. Sumner, Ensign, loth Co., 
Feb. 4; James Donnell, Ensign, Feb. 5 ; John Lane, Lieut., Feb. 5. 

John Card, afterwards, ist Lieut., Feb. 7; Saml. Black, afterwards, 2d 
Lieut., Feb. 7, 1745; John Trevitt, afterwards, Adjutant, May 6, 1745; 
James Donnel, afterwards. Ensign, Feb. 7; Ebenr. Sumner, afterwards, 
ist Lieut., July 15; Edward Carter, afterwards, 2d Lieut., July 15; 
Andrew Lemercier, Jr., afterwards, ist Lieut., July 15. 

Hon. Chari^es Hudson's List of Oi'incicRS and Men. 

In the New England Historical and Genealogical Register for July, 
1871, (pp. 249-269), Mr. Hudson published a list of soldiers in Gen. 
Pepperrell's army, so far as he had been able to obtain their names after 
a long continued search. The preparation of this list had been attended 
with inherent difficulties. " The lists I have found," he said, " do not 
profess to give the full roll of companies, but only the lists of such men 
as were under the command of certain officers at a particular time, or 
the list of men fit for service at a given day, or of the men who selected 
a certain officer to act as their agent to obtain what bounty might fall to 
their lot. There is also a confusion of names very difficult to clear up. 
The same name may and does sometimes appear on different lists ; and 



Maine at Lonisburg in 1^45 67 

whether these are different persons or the same individual, it is often 
impossible to tell. Where the same name oceurs in different companies 
and regiments, I have set them down as distinct individuals ; but in 
case one list purported to be the list of Capt. A's company, and the other 
was a list of men who chose Capt. B to act as their agent, I have gener- 
ally supposed that it might be the same person in both, if there was no 
evidence to the contrary. There is also a confusion arising from the 
different spelling of the same name. I have generally adopted the 
orthography as I find it in the list. 

" There is also a confusion in the title of the officers. The same 
individual is set down as General and Colonel, or as Colonel or Major 
and Captain, at the same time. By referring to the list of commissioned 
officers in the Register [that given on preceding pages in this 
volume], it will be seen that almost every Colonel, Lieut. Colonel and 
Major has his particular company. This was customary in the English 
service at that day. A knowledge of this fact will remove much obscu- 
rity which might otherwise exist. There is also a diificulty in classify- 
ing the companies l)y the name of their commanders. Sometimes the 
company may be under the command of a Lieutenant or even of an 
Ensign. Besides, the promotions rendered necessary by death, resigna- 
tion and other causes, may give the same company two or three 
different commanders in a short space of time ; and hence what might 
otherwise be regarded as a surplus of oflicers may be accounted for. The 
lists I herewith present are not to be considered as the proper rolls of 
the respective companies, but simply such lists as I have collected from 
different sources. Some of them are merely the sanitary condition of 
the company at a particular day, some a list of petitioners for a certain 
object, and others have been gleaned from sources too numerous to 
mention." 

Mr. Hudson states that in addition to the valuable information 
obtained from Mr. Bourne's published list, he obtained a large number 
of names from a book kept by Moses Pearson of l"\ilmouth, who entered 
the service as Captain of the loth company in Pepperrell's regiment, 
but subsequently was made its paymaster. This book was at this time 
in the possession of Wm. Willis of Portland. It has now a place in the 
Willis manuscripts in the Public Library, Portland, Vol. Q, pp. 1-91. 



68 Maine at Loiiishirg in 1^45 

Mr. Hudson also greatly enlarged his list from the Pepperrell Papers in 
the archives of the Massachusetts Historical Society and also from the 
records of the Council for that period. The lists in the Pepperrell 
Papers have since been published by the Massachusetts Historical 
Society in the appendix to the Pepperrell Papers. (Vol. lo, Sixth Series 
of the Society's Collections, pp. 497-561). 

The following is Mr. Hudson's list of the officers and men in the 
three regiments at Louisburg from what is now the State of Maine : 

First Massachusetts Regiment, Sir William Pepperrell. 

1st Company, Capt. Peter Staples, of Artillery. This company was 
subsequently commanded by Richard Mumford, commissioned June 
3rd, 1745. 

Ivieut. George Gowell, Lieut. Joel Whittemore, Ensign Daniel 
Wilson, Serg. Hugh McClauan, Corp. Benjamin L [each], Corp. George 
Knight, Jonathan Thomas, Zimariah Hanscome, John Thompson, John 
Ruggsley, Bartholomew Whitton, Cato Farwell, George Black, Benjamin 
Leach, John Lydston, James Gooding, John Ayers, William Remish, 
William Allen, James Spinney, John Pinkim, Joseph Greenleaf, Thomas 
Allen, Simery Hanson, David Spinney, Uriah Hanson, William 
Pettygrew, George Marriner, Jedediah Spring, Simon Emery, Nathaniel 
Hooper, John Ranking, Edward Hammon, Robert Due, Moses Bryan, 
John Banker, Richard Dolley, James Goodwin, George Manenow. 

All from a frontier town in the County of York. 

3d Company, Capt. Storer. 

Capt. Storer was selected to receive the bounty of a large number of 
soldiers. This company was subsequently commanded by Joshua 
Champlin, commissioned June 3rd, 1745. 

Lieut. John Fairfield, Lieut. Samuel Eldred, Ens. Jeffrey Champlin, 
Serg. Enoch Davis, Joshua Kimball, Benjamin Jellison, Joseph 
Littlefield, Matthew Robinson, Charles W^hite, Ichabod Jellison, John 
Adams, Jonathan Bagshaw, Edward Evans, John Garney, John Crafford, 
James Reed, Edward Welch, James Taylor, Isaac Danforth, Benjamin 
Curtis, William Curtis, John Dean, James Gibson, Lemuel Clark, John 
Kimball, * Joshua Laffit, * James Littlefield, * Joshua Adams, * Ichabod 



Maine at Louisburg in 1^45 69 

Dunham, * John Credison,* John Bagshaw, * Joseph Taylor,* Joseph 
Webber.* 

The men above whose names are distinguished by a star (*) were of 
Capt. Storer's company, and were left at Ivouisburg, Oct. 24, 1745. 

4th Company, Captain Richard Cutts. 

I find no list of his men. Bray Deering was a Lieutenant in his 
company and Joseph Week, Ensign. After the capture of Louisburg 
most of the soldiers left for their respective homes ; but anticipating a 
portion of the spoils which would fall to their lot, the following named 
men appointed Major Richard Cutts their agent to receive in their 
behalf whatever might belong to them. It is highly probable that most of 
these men belonged to his company. 

John Taker, John Walker, Job Lunt, Jabies Fairfield, Davis 
Downing, Samuel Leach, Joseph Jenkins, Enoch Hastings, Reuben 
Mace, Samuel Hooper, Thomas Bairman, Thomas Femand, James 
Willey, John Tobey, Thomas Sewall, James Arckle, Enoch Stevens, 
Joseph Tay, Samuel Jeunison, Samuel Billings, Ebenezer Leach, John 
Carter, Richard Carter, Thomas Arckle, Charles Smith, Tobias Allen, 
Benjamin Finnix, William Cu'rrash, John Cain, Daniel Caton, Solomon 
Rose, James Spiney, David Gunnerson, Gideon Parker, James Amey, 
Patrick O'Lollers, Samuel Clough, Joseph Jennison, Moses Firnald, 
James Webb, William Stevens, Joseph Weakly, Caleb Hutchens, Robert 
Moore, Richard Finnix, Thomas Jenkins, Elisha Holbrook, Jonathan 
Brown, Enoch Stevens, Samuel Kenney, John Bairman. 

6th Company, Capt. John Harmon. 
I have not been able to find any list of Capt. Harmon's men. 
Benjamin Harmon was his Lieutenant, and Joseph Adams his Ensign. 

7th Company, Capt. Moses Butler. 

The only list of his company that I have been able to find is the 
following meagre one : 

Lieut. Dexter Grant, Ensign John Lewis, John Clark, Michael 
Wooson, John Mory, Jonathan Lewis, Micah Woodman, John Muzzey, 
Ichabod Tibitts, James McCarrid, Samuel Grant, Samuel Jones, Nathan 
Goodwin, John Laws. 



70 Maine at Lonisburg iti 1^45 

8th Company, Capt. Thomas Perkins. 

The following is all I can learn of his Company. 

Lient. John Bnrbank, Ensign Thomas Hardy, Jesse Jellison, 
Rollesin Bond, James Samson, John Carr, Elizer Leardon, Brian Paul, 
Joseph Webber, Nathaniel Martin, James Murrey, Elisha Perkins, Noah 
Peenir, John Gerry, John Wells, Joseph Clark, Samuel Jones, Samuel 
Grant, James Gerrish, Nathaniel Gooding, James McCarrill, Ichabod 
Tibbitts, Micah Woodsome. 

gth Company, Capt. William Warner. 
Lieut. George Gerry, Ens. John Bridge, Serg. Samuel Buckner, 
Corp. Samuel Muggridge, Corp. Thomas Romoril, James Thorne, 
Benjamin Ropes, Richard Richardson, Thomas Lessenby, Robert Cubb, 
James Leara, Charles Nichols, Edmund Ruby, James Thomas, John 
Allen, Shubel Cook, Nathaniel Flynn, Samuel Millett, Robert 
Simmons, Nathaniel Williams, A. Culbert, Samuel Newhall. 

loth Company, Capt. Moses Pearson. 

I find no list of his Company. When the regiment was first 
organized George Knight was his Lietitenant and James Springer his 
Ensign. The reason why we find no list of his men, as such, probably 
arises from the fact that Capt. Pearson was made paymaster of Col. 
Pepperrell's Regiment, and so had no command in the field. Capt. 
Pearson was of P'almouth, now Portland. He came from Newbury and 
was a joiner by trade, but by his intelligence and energy of character he 
rose to considerable eminence and usefulness. He was the first sheriff 
of Cumberland Co., and afterwards Judge of the Court of Common 
Pleas. He was, after the fall of Louisburg, chosen as agent to act for 
the following officers and soldiers : 

Lieut. George Knight, Lieut. Alexander Roberts, Ens. James 
Springer, Sergt. Philip Hodgskins, Sergt. Joshua Ilsley, Cor. Jonathan 
Emerson, Cor. David Woodman, Joshua Simpson, James Gilkey, 
Jonathan Thorn, John Ayer, John Anderson, Jacob Clifford, Moses 
Gould, Moses Hodgskins, Samuel Hodgskins, James Simeon, Abel 
Crosby, Samuel Hunt, Gamaliel Pote, David Dowt}', Nathan Ingersoll, 
Simon Wheeler, Ebenezer Agustus. 



Maine at Lonisburg in 1^45 7i 

Ebenezer I^incoln, John Roberts, John Roberts, Samuel Clark. In 
the 1st Regiment, Joseph Goldthwait was Adjutant, and John Gorman, 
Armorer. 

Second Massachusetts Regiment, Col. Samuel Waldo. 

ist Company, Capt. Samuel Moody. 
I can give no list of his command. Charles Proctor was Lieut, and 
John Murphy Ensign in this company. 

2d Company, Capt. Arthur Noble. 
John Watts was, on the 8th of Feb., 1744, commissioned Captain of 
this company, James Noble, Lieutenant, and John Cargill, Ensign. 
This is all the information possessed concerning this company. 

3d Company, Capt. Philip Demoresque. 
Josiah Crosby, Lieutenant, and Thomas Frank, Ensign. 

4th Company, Capt. Benjamin Goldthwait. 
Charles Harrison, Lieutenant, and Joseph Newhall, Ensign. 

5th Company, Capt. Daniel Hale. 
James Baily, Lieutenant, and Abraham Edwards, Ensign. 

6th Company, Capt. Jacob Stevens. 
Stephen Webster, Lieutenant, and Edniond Morse, Ensign. 

7th Company, Capt. James Noble. 
Solomon Bragdon, Lieutenant, and Daniel Mesharvey, Ensign. 

8th Company, Capt. Richard Jacques. 
William Allen, Lieutenant, and Edward Clark, Ensign. Andrew 
Watkius subsequently was made Captain of this company, and Jonathan 
Trumbull was his Lieutenant. 

9th Company, Capt. Daniel Flag. 
John Silsbee, Lievitenant, Jonathan Lord, Ensign. 

loth Company, Capt. Jeremiah Richardson. 
Clement Chamberlain, Lieutenant, John Russell, Ensign. 
Nathaniel Manutford was commissary of this regiment. 



72 Maine at Louisbiirg in 1^45 

Third Massachusetts Regiment, Col. Jeremiah Moulton. 
1st Company, Capt. Jeremiah Moulton. 
2d Company, Capt. Nathaniel Donnell. 
3d Company, Capt. Christopher Marshall. 

Benjamin Stansbury, Lieutenant, Nathaniel Richardson, Ensign. 
The following is a list of men under Marshall's command : 
David Clark, Samuel Whittemore, Samuel Bradford, Thomas 
Fanton, Marshall Miller, William Conover, Benjamin Shillgrass, Adam 
Shenedy, Morris Welch, Nathaniel Henderson, James Chilent, Luke 
Welch, Thomas Stubby, Josiah Lyon, John Wood, Edward Hunt, 
Samuel Cidin, Nathaniel Putnam, Samuel Cowdry, John Melody, John 
Jenkins, Samuel Ellis, Robert Dothinsou, Nathaniel Sidon, Thomas 
Webb, Robert Colbetson, David Taylor. 

4th Company, Capt. James Grant. 
Lieut. Benjamin Pippin, Lieut. Andrew Lamessier, Ens. Israel 
Porter, Sergt. John Brown, Sergt. David Gleason, Sergt. William Webster, 
Sergt. Thomas Farriugton, Corp. John Holton, Corp. William Hilborn, 
Peter Sabine, Samuel Stone, William Andrews, Samuel Porter, James 
Ebbon, Aaron Ennell, William Halford, James Davison, James 
Lindsey, James Magery, Michael Hide, John White, Ebenezer 
Ramsdell, James Farn, Jacob Cain, Cornelius Walcom, Israel Howard, 
Ebadiah Farn, Andrew Millitt, Benjamin Barnol, Peter Brown, John 
Elthrop, John Fuller, Richard Newhall, Samuel Baker, John Lester, 
Joseph Clough, Richard Thomas. 

5th Company, Capt. Charles King. 
John Marston, Lieutenant, Joseph Gerrish, Ensign. No list of his 
men. 

6th Company, Capt. Peter Prescott. 
William Larkin, Lieutenant, Jonathan Hoar, Ensign. Capt. 
Prescott was selected by the soldiers to act for them in obtaining their 
bounty or share of the spoils. They were probably a portion of his 
command. 



Maine at Louisburg in iy4§ 73 

Lieut. William Larkin, Sergt. John Wheeler, Sergt. Daniel Molan, 
Sergt. Cornelius Sullivan, John Shipman, Alexander Telfare, Robert 
Stone, Samuel Wood, Job Whittam, John Wellson, Jonathan Corey, 
Elisha Johnson, Alexander Kidd, John Bryan, John Keef, William 
French, Joshua William, Morris Akim, Richard Griflis, Jeremiah 
Shepard, Rahio Dyke, Timothy Kieg, John Gould. 

7th Company, Capt. A. R. Cutter. 

The following men were among those who were under his com- 
mand. 

Caleb Harrington, William Sampson, Joseph Fletcher, Samuel 
Nichols, Benjamin Margridge, Parker Moody, John Johnson, John 
Kelley, George Cary, Joseph Leavitt, William Brown, Thomas 
Humphty, John Brackly, Owen Cunningham, John Trott, Benjamin 
Sawin, Nehemiah Robinson, William Daniels. 

8th Company, Capt. Samuel Rhodes. 

Jonathan Hartshorn, Lieutenant, John Hersey, Ensio-n. 

Lieut. Jonathan Hartshorn, Sergt. Thomas Pynes, Sergt. John Shaw, 
Sergt. Francis Richards, John Williams, Thomas Evans, William 
Daniels, Jeremiah Gould, John Stebbins, William Davis, Nathan Barlow, 
James Borcilwater, Ebenezer Durant, Arthur Vincent, Joseph Alton, 
Jesse Covit, Ebenezer Brown, Pierce Crosby, John Jones, Jeremiah 
Howard, Lewis Francis, Lewis Swan, Caleb Farman, George Pickerell, 
William Jenkins, Thomas Keller, Lewis Posser, Richard Abbott, John- 
Downing. 

9th Company, Capt. Bartholomew Trow. 

Joseph Miller, Lieutenant, Joseph Fairbanks, Ensign. 

Joseph Frothingham, Jonathan Rand, William Osmit, John Fitts, 
John Delany, John Nichols, Philip Tray, Ebenezer Burgess, 
John Watters, William Mattocks, John Fowle, Samuel Bowles, 
Samuel Walcutt, James Holland, George Dowdell, Cuthe Mauries. 
loth Company, Capt. Estes Hatch. 

Ebenezer Newall, Lieutenant, Ebenezer Sumner, Ensign. Sumner 
was subsequently promoted to a Lieutenant. Edward Carter was 
Ensign. 



74 Maine at Louis burg in 174S 

Sergt. Daniel Lane, Ezekiel Hovey, Benjamin Wilkins, William 
Oakley, Benjamin Phillips, George Byram, James Stanley. 

Mr. Hudson added the following lists, which are inserted here as 
having reference to men from what is now the State of Maine : 

Petition ' of the following persons who were in the expedition to 
Louisburg in 1745, presented to Lieut. Gov. Phips, 1749 : 

Isaac Ilsley, Jeremiah Springer, Jeremiali Springer, Jr., Samuel 
Graves, Jeremiah Pote, Benjamin Sweetser, Samuel Lunt, Jr., Job Lunt, 
Joshua Fowle, John Robinson, Jacob True, Samuel Lovewell, Jacob 
Graffum, John Irish, Abraham Sawyer, Percival Baton, William 
Putnam, James Springer, Stephen Clark, Gamalel Pote, Elisha Pote, 
Nathaniel Ingersol, Ebenezer Gastin, David Dowty, Thomas Bracket, 
Joshua Bracket, John Clark, John Clark, Jr., Richard Temple, Josiah 
Hunnewell, John Owen, Joshua Moody, William Reed, Philip 
Hodgskins, John Roberts, George Williams, Samuel Atwood, George 
Knight, John Ayer. 

Cape Breton, July 10, 1745. 

We the subscribers being dismissed to go home, do authorize Lieut. 
Peter Grant to receive our bounty money, if there be any coming to us 
in taking the famous city's plunder. 

Moses Butler, Stephen Frost, Lakely Cessor, Nathan Lord, Jr., 
Alexander Grant, Samuel Holmes, John Goodwin, Joseph Goodwin^ 
Richard Gerrish, Solomon Walker, William Grant, John Gitchell, John 
Murray, Nathan Goodwin, Ichabod Tibbetts, William Pierce, James 
Markwell, Adam Goodwin, Nathaniel Lord, James vStimson, Samuel 
Gitchell, Moses Spencer, Elder Smith, Elias Hart, John Lewis, Samuel 
Allen, Trabed Casan, Ebenezer Jelson, Joseph Woodson, James Yorses, 
Samuel Loud, 3d, John Nason, Daniel Malony, Joshua Nason, Michael 
Woodson, John Davis, Gideon May, Ezekiel Weytoor. William 
Chadburn, Noah Nason, Ephraim Joye, John Currier, Samuel Jones 
John Clark, Samuel Grant, Elias Grant, Israel Hunniwell. 

» This was for a township of land for service at Louisburg in 1745. The signers 
belonged to Capt. Moses Pearson's Company. Willis, in his History of Portland, note, 
pp. 419, 420, in giving this list of signers, adds the following names : Moses Pearson, 
Jacob CHfford, James Gilkey, Samuel Clark, Samuel Hodgskins, John Anderson, Moses 
Hodgskins. 



Maine at Louisburg in 1^45 75. 

IvOuisburg, Sept. 19, 1745. 

We the subscribers select Capt. Thomas Perkins to receive our part 
of the plunder that is coming to us, by virtue of our being soldiers at 
Cape Breton. 

John Burbank, Timothy Burbank, Asa Burbank, Eliphalct Carr, 
Joseph Cole, Nathaniel White, Richard Perry, Alleson Lassell, 
Benjamin Turner, Eliphalet Perkins, Jeremiah Springer, John Carr, 
Robinson Bond, Stephen Harding, Jesse Dorman, John Homer, Kdward 
Strout, Seth Turner. 

Louisburg, Sept. 16, 1745. 

Sergeant Enoch Davis made agent of the following persons to 
receive their plunder. 

IMoses Kimball, Benjamin Tileston, John Kenne, James Gibson, 
John Sacklar, Eben Littlefield, Joseph Huston, William Robinson, 
Ichabod Tileston, Ichabod Dunham, Edward Evans, Joshua Adams, 
Isaac Russell, Jonathan Adams, James Gilpatrick, John Bagshaw, John 
Cradeford, Samuel Clark, James Reed, Aaron Lord, Matthew Robertson, 
John Deane, Edward Wealth, Isaac Danforth, Joshua Lathe, William 
Curtis, James Littlefield, Benjamin Curtis, John Locke, Caleb C. 
Kimball, Jr. 

Louisburg, Sept. 13, 1745. 

Capt. John Stoi^er was made agent for : — 

James Gilpatrick, Jr., Peter Rich, Philip Devotion, Joseph Wel)ber, 
Charles White, John Fairfield, Capt. Nathaniel Kimball, Ichabod 
Cressous, Daniel Saycr, Joseph Cradiford, John Lock, Jr. 

Sergeant Enoch Davis was agent for the following men : — 

Joshua Kimball, Benjamin Tellson, John Keeue, James Gibson, 
John Sinklar, Eben Littlefield, John Huston, William Robinson, 
Ichabod Tellson, Ichabod Dunham, Joshua Adams, James Littlefield, 
Jonathan Adams, James Gilpatrick, Edward Evens, John Codeford, 
Lemuel Clark, James Reed, Aaron Lord, Matthew Robertson, John 
Deene, Edward Wealth, Isaac Danforth, Joseph Taylor, Joshua Little, 
Isaac Russell, Benjamin Curtis, John Locke, Caleb Kimball, Jr., John 
Bagshaw, William Curtis. 

In the appendix to the Peppcrrell Papers, Mass. llist. Society's Coll.,. 



76 Maine at Lotiisburg in 1^45 

Sixth Series, Vol. lo, (pp. 538-542), I find a roll of the companies 
belonging to Pepperrell's regiment at Louisburg, November 15, 1745. 

The 1st Company, the General's. 
Capt. Ptr. Staples, Ijeut. Joel Whittymore, Ens. Danl. Wilson, 
dead; Sergt. Hewn McClane, Corp. Benj. Iveach, Drummer Jno. Ayres; 
Privates George Knight, Wm. Remmick, James Gooding, Jno. Ledston, 
Wm. Allen, Geo. Marriner, Wm. Pettegrow, Jno. Thomson, Jerh. 
Spinney, Jno. Pugsley, Barth. Whittom, Jno. Rankim, Nath. Hooper, 
Simon Emery, Zimry Hunscome, Jnth'n Thomas, Cato Farewell. 
Sergt. I, Corp'l i, Drummer i. Privates 17. 

The 2d Company. 
Ivt. Col. Storer, Sergt. Enock Davis, Privates, Josa Kimball, Benj. 
Jellyson, Jas. Littlefield, Matt'w Robison, Char's White, Icabod 
Gullison, Jno. Crafford, Jas. Reed, Edwd. Welch, Jos. Taylor, Isac 
Danforth, Benj. Curtis, Wm. Curtis, Josha Admans, Jno. Bagshaw, Jno. 
Deen, Jas. Gebson, Edw'd Evans, Lem'l Clark, Jno. Garey. Sergt. i, 
Corp'l I, Drummer o, Privates 20. 

The 3rd Company. 
Major Cutts, Privates David Gunnison, Gideon Parker, Jno. Amey, 
Jno. Brawn, Enoch Stevens, Sam. Kenney. Sergt. o, Corp. o. Drum- 
mer o. Privates 6. 

The 4th Company. (From Massachusetts.) 

The 5th Company. (From Massachusetts.) 

The 6th Company, 

Capt. Moses Pearson, Sergt. Php. Hodskins, Sergt. Thos. Ilsley, 
Corp. David Woodman ; Privates Jer'h Simson, Eben'r Linkhorne, Jas. 
Gilkey, Jno. Anderson, Moses Hodskins, Sam. Hodskins, Jno. Ayres, 
Abiah Crosby, Jas. Thorn, Sam. Clark. Sergt. 2, Corp. i, Drummer o, 
Privates 10. 

The 7th Company. 
Capt. Wm. Warner, Lieut. Garish, Sergt. Sam. Bicknor, Corp. Sam. 
Muggeridge, Corp. Thos. Rommerrill, Drummer Jas. Thorne ; Privates 



Maine at Louis burg in 1^45 77 

Benj. Ropes, Rich'd Richardson, Thos. IvCsinby, Jno. IvCava, Chas. 
Nichols, Jno. Ruby, Jno. Thomas, Jno. Allen, Shubal Crook, Nath'l 
Flinn, Sam. Millett, Robt. Simmons, Matt'w Williams, Ron't Culbort, 
Sam. Newhall. Sergt. i. Corps. 2, Drummer i, Privates 15. 

The 8th Company. 

Capt. Thos. Perkins, Lieut. Burbank ; Privates Jesse Dorman, Jno. 
Jelleson, Rollison Bond, Jas. Samson, Jno. Carr, Elizor Leasdon, Brian 
Paul. 

'(Sergt. Jos Webber, Corp. Nath. Martin, Privates Noah Peenis, 
Jno. Garey, Jno. Wells). 

''(Sergt. Jno. Clark, Privates Sam. Jones, Sam. Grant, Jas. Garish, 
Nath. Goodings, Jas. McCarrill, Icabod Tibbitts, Jno. Murrey, Mica 
Woodsome. Sergts. 2, Corp. i. Drummer o. Privates 18.) 

The 9tli Company, 
Capt. Jas. Smith, Lieut. Hoile, Sergt. Andrew Dexter, Corp. Caleb 
Callom, Corp. Ptr. Hurley, Corp. Jno. Evans, Sergt. John MacDonald, 
dead; Privates Jas. Briggs, Jos. Alverson, Benj. Ford, Thos. Ales, Mic'l 
Thornton, Sam. Saunders, Jno. Wallace, Josa Sly, Nath. Sheldon, Jno. 
Eddy, Robt. Watts, Jnthn. Mountygue, Thos. Thornton, Water 
Drimont, Gideon Thornton, Isac Medburrey, Gideon Hawkins, Jas. 
Whipple, Nath. Spywood, Francis Streeter, Jno. Tubball, Benj. Amos, 
Mat. Packhord, Ebenz'r Edson, Geo. White, Thos. Green, Jos. True- 
worthy, Rich'd Lewis, Martha Short, Nath'l Colben, Sam'l Cobern, Jno. 
Lane, Wm. Bentley, Danl. Collum, Jos. Indian, Eben'z Lovell ; Sergts. 2, 
Corps. 3, Drummer o, Privates 36. 

The loth: Company. 

Capt. Edward Cole, Lieut. Jos. Wheaten, Ensign Benj. Allen, Sergt. 

Thos. Dewen, Sergt. Jno. Lee, Corp. Robt. Kelsey, Corp. Dan'l Fuller, 

Corp. Geb. Arwin, Drummer Robt. Bennett; Privates Robt. Tripp, 

Francis Lyner, Isac Everson, Wm. Roach, Thos. Niles, dead ; Jas. 



1 N. B. These are added to Ct. Perkins company, but did formerly belong to Capt. 
Harmon of sd regt. 

2 N. B. These are added to Ct. Perkins company, but did formerly belong to Ct. 
Butler of sd. regt. 



78 Mai?ie at Loiiisbiirg in 1^45 

Samson, dead; Nichs. I/arrence, Win. Mills, Jno. Newman, Stephen 
Trays, dead ; Wm. Corey, dead ; Jas. Strange, Jno. Crookay, dead ; 
Wm. Ward, Ptr. New, Jas. Tataush, Jno. Lawless, Jno. Greenman, Jno. 
Rogers, Benj. Hunton, Jno. Shores, Wm. Jones, Martin Blake, Jas. 
Robbison, Ptr. Tyask. 

The nth Company. (From R. I.) Louisbourg, Nov. 19, 1745- 
The following list of the officers and men in Col. Moulton's regi- 
ment I take from the appendix to the Pepperrell Papers, (Mass. Hist. 
Society's Coll., Sixth Series, Vol. 10, pp. 545-549). 

Capt. Grant's Company. 
James Grant, Capt. ; Andrew Le Mercier, Lieut. ; Joseph Brown, 
Sargt. ; David Glover, Sargt. ; Wm. Webster, Sargt. ; Theo. Farrington, 
Sargt. ; Peter Labere, Clark ; John Holton, Corpo.; Wm. Hilborn, Corpo. ; 
Sam'l Stone, Wm. Andrews, Saml. Porter, James Ebboru, Aaron 
Crowell, Wm. Holford, James Davidson, Richd. Newhall, Saml. Baker, 
Jno. Lister, James Lindzey, Jno. Magery, Michl. Vide, Jas. White, The. 
White, Ebenr. Ramsdel, Jno. Farn, Jacob Cain, Clow Walcom, Izrael 
Howard, Obediah Farn, Andrew Millett, Benj. Parnel, Peter Brown, 
Jno. Elethrap, Dd. Fuller, Joseph Clough, Richd. Thomas. Private 
soldiers and non-commission officers, 35. 

A list of Capt. John Card's Company. 
John Card, Capt. ; John Linscot, Sergt. ; Jno. McCluker, Sergt. ; 
Jonathan Dodson, Sergt. ; Ellas Banks, Corp. ; George Spinney, Wm. 
Davis, Daniel Grant, Melachi Castle, Eleazar Whittura, John McDanniel, 
John Moulton, Nath. Abbot, Jno. Simpson, Ebener Napp, Jno. Conne- 
way, Joseph Webber, James Spinney, Joseph Barton, Shubal Barton, 
Wm. Moore, Jonathan Clough, James Wilson, Isaac Provinder. Private 
men and non-commission officers, 23. 

A list of Capt. Charles King's Company. 

Charles King, Capt. ; Jno. Marston, Lieut.; Joseph Gerrish, Ensign; 

Rich'd Reith,Jno. Erwin, Jno. Bickford, Tho. Downing, Robt. Annable, 

dead ; Wm. Cummins, Daniel Darling, Wm. Daniels, Packfry Downing, 

Jno. Chambers, Jno. Callum, Nath. Felt, David Griffis, Benj. Hooper, 



Maine at Lojiisbiirg in 1^45 79 

Jona. Phippen, Sam Grossee, Juo. Silver, Jno. Symond, David Howard, 
Tho. Ward, Jno. Wells. Private men and non-commission officers, 21. 

A list of Capt. Marshall's Company. 

Christo Marshall, Capt. ; Benja. Stansbury, Lieut. ; 

Richardson, Ens.; gone home on furlow ; David Chase, Sam'l 
Whittemore, Adam Kenedy, Morris Welch, Luke Welch, Nath. 
Henderson, Juo. Chilcut, Josiah Lyon, Jno. Wood, Edwd. Hunt, 
Samuel Oidin, Nath. Putnam, Sam'l Bradford, Tho. Fenton, 
Marshall Miller, Wm. Curwen, Benj. Killgoo, Sam'l Cowdry, 
Jno. Melody, Jno. Jenkins, Simon Ellis, Robt. Dollinsou, Nicho. 
Lidon, Tho. Webb, Robert Colbetson, Tho. Stubly, David Tayler. 
Private soldiers and non-commission officers, 27. 

A list of Capt. Rhodes's Company. 
Sam. Rhodes, Capt. ; Tho. Pyne, Sergt. ; John Shaw, Sergt. ; 
Francis Pickett, Sergt.; John Williams, Tho. Evans, Wm. Daniels, 
Jeremiah Gould, Jethro Sedebin, Rich'd Abbot, Wm. Davis, Nathan 
Barlow, James Renit Waters, Eben. Durant, Arthur Vincent, Joseph 
Aton, Jesse Cavil, Eben. Brown, Pierce Crosby, Jno. Downing, John 
Jones, Jeremiah Howard, Lewis Francis, F^rancis Lewis, Lewis Passer, 
Caleb Farnum, George Pickerill, Wm. Jenkins, Tho. Keller. Private 
soldiers and non-commission officers, 28. 

List of Capt. Prescot's Company. 

Peter Prescot, Capt. ; Larken, Lieut. ; John Whealer, Sergt.; 

Daniel Molen, Sergt. ; Cornelius Sullivan, Sergt. ; John Shipman, on 
furlow; Alex. Telf are, Robert Stone, Sam. Wood, Job Whittiim, Jno. 
Wilson, Jonathan Corey, Ales'r Kidd, Jno Bryan, John Keef, Wm. 
French, Joshua Williams, Morris Aken, Rich'd Griffis, Jere. Shepard, 
Robin Dyke, Timothy Kreg, John Gould, Elisha Johnson. Private 
soldiers and non-commission officers, 22. 

From Melviu's Company. 
Sam. Dudley, Jno. McCollow, Timo. Adams, Jno. Temple, Jno. 
Hucker, Simon Robins, Jona Wood, Joseph Ham, Jona Barrat, Aaron 
Russell, Joseph Dudley. Private soldiers & non-commission officers, 33. 



8o Alaific at Louisburg in l'J4S 

A list of Capt. Estes Hatch's Company. 
Edward Carter, Ensign ; Daniel Lane, Sargt. ; Ezekiel Hovey^ 
Benj. Wilkius, Benj. Phillips, George Byram, James Stanly, Wm. 
Oakley. Private soldiers and non-commission officers, 7. 

A list of Capt. Bartho Trow's Company. 
Joseph Miller, Lient.; Joseph Fairbanks, Ens.; Joseph Frothing- 
ham, Jonathan Rand, Wm. Osmint, Jno. Watters, Wm. Mattocks, John 
Fowle, Daniel Bowles, Sam'l Wilcnt, John Fitts, John Delany, James 
Holland, George Dowdell, John Nichols, P'bcn. Burgis, Phillip Traj'-, 
Cuffe Munnis. Private soldiers and non-commission officers, 16. 

Capt. Cutter's Company. 
A. R. Cutter, Capt., Cakb Harrington, Wm. Sampson, Joseph 
Fletcher, Sam. Nichols, Benj. Morgridge, Parker Moody, Joseph Levett, 
Wm. Brown, Tho. Humphrey, John Brackley, Owen Cunningham, John 
Frost, John Johnson, John Kelley, Benj. Sawer, Nehem'a Robinson, 
George Casey, Wm. Daniels. Private men and non-commission 
officers, 18. 

Soldiers and non-commission officers on the spot 208 

Commission officers on the spot 14 

221 ' 

Lovisburg, Novm'r 20th, 1745. The foregoing list of men are all 
alive. Attest JER. MOULTON 

In answer to an inqviiry, Lieut. Oliver P. Remick, who has given 
much attention to Kittery's relation to the Louisburg expedition of 
1745, sends to me in a letter dated Kittery, Maine, July 18, 1908, the 
following list of Kittery men, who were at Louisbtirg with Pepperrell : 

Capt. Lieut. Peter Staples; 2nd. Lieut. George Gowell ; Ensign Joel 
Whittemore, promoted Lieut. Jiily 20, 1745; Daniel Wilson, Ensign, 
died before Nov. 15,1745; David Gunnison, promoted Ensign May i, 
1746; also promoted Lieutenant: Benj. Leach, Corp.; Joseph Greenleaf, 



' The original and correct footing is 222, but the last figure was changed by having a 
strong mark drawn over it. 



Maine at Louis burg in iy4S 8i 

Thomas Allen, John Tompson, Zimeriah Hanscom, David Spinney, 
Uriah Hanscom, William Pettigrew, Edward Hammond, George Knight, 
Corp., (died there); Moses Bryan, John Ayers, (drummer); Richard 
Dolley, Nathaniel Hooper, James Goodwin, John Lydstone, William 
Remick, William Allen, George Marriner, Jeremiah Spinney, Jonathan 
Thomas, Bartholemy Witham, Simon Emery, George Black, Cato 
Farwell, Henery Hanscom, Morris O'Brien,' Richard Cutts, Major and 
Capt. 3d Co. Pepperrell's Regt. ; Bray Deering, Lieut. ; Joseph Weeks, 
Ensign; Gideon Parker, John Amey, John Brown, Enoch Stevens. 

The following Kittery men were at IvOuisburg, and probably 
belonged to one of the above companies: 

John Walker, Davis Downing, Samuel Leach, Samuel Billings, 
Ebenezer Leach, John Carter, Richard Carter, Charles Smith, Joseph" 
Jenkins, Reuben Mace, Samuel Hooper, Thomas Fernald, David Caton, 
Solomon Rose, James Amey, Patrick Lollens, John Tobey, Joseph Fay, 
William Stevens, Joseph Winkley, Caleb Hutchins, Richard Finix, 
Robert Moore, Thomas Jenkins, Elisha Holbrook, Tobias Allen, 
Benjamin Finnix, Samuel Clough, Moses Fernald, Jonathan Brown, 
Simeon Dam, Parker Gowell, David Hutchings, Levi Hutchings, Samuel 
Hutchings, Benjamin Curtis, Jr., Joseph Curtis, John Furbish, William 
Furbish, Andrew Green, Ichabod Jellison, Benjamin Jacobs, Nathaniel 
Hicks, Daniel Ludstone, Nathan Lord, Benjamin March, William Perry, 
Aaron Lord, Samuel Lord, Peter Witham, Thomas WMtham, Benjamin 
Curtis, William Curtis, Richard Perry, John Nason, Joshua Nason, Noah 
Nason, Samuel Joris, John Lewis, Samuel Allen, Nathaniel Lord, Nathan 
Lord, Jr. 

The following Kittery men were in Capt. Richard Mumford's 
Company, in Pepperrell's regiment : 

John Rogers, John Shores or Shorey, Robert Tripe, Francis Lynn, 
William Jones, John Lawless, Thomas Jeffs, Robert Bennett, Martin 
Blake. 

In Capt. James Grant's Co., George Crocker. 

In Capt. John Card's Co., Col. J. Moulton's Regiment; James 

• [He was a resident of Scarboro, and went from Scarboro to Machias in 1765.] 



82 Maine at Louisburg in 1 7 43 

Spinney, George Spinney, Eleazer Witham, William Davis, William 
Moore, James Wilson, Benj. Mugridge, John Trott. 

The following Kittery men were in the New Hampshire Regiment : 
Capt. John Fernald, John Hooper, Isaac Wlierrin, Jonathan Dam, 
Richard Furber, John Welch, Richard Knight, Jonathan Boothby, John 
Stevens, Richard Fitzgerald, John Fry, John Woodman, Nicholas 
Grace, Thomas Newmarch, Ensign and promoted Lieut. 

Other Kittery men at Louisburg were Andrew Pepperrell Frost, 
Brevet Lieut. ; Charles Frost, 2nd Secretary; John Pierce, James Webber, 
James Wilson, Nathaniel Jnigerson, Samuel Green, Thomas Dixon, 
Robert Dixon, John Frost, (5th Co. ist Regt.); Jesse Jellison, 8th Co., 
ist Regt.; Samuel Mugridge, Corp. 9th Co., ist Regt.; Andrew Watkins, 
Capt. 8th Co., 2nd Mass. Regt.; Samuel Greenough, Lieut, ist Co., 5th 
Mass. Regt.; Benjamin Jellison, Corp. in Capt. Joshua Champlin's Co. 

Lieut. Remick adds: "The Maine men were in Pepperrell's, 
Moulton's, Gorham's and Waldo's Infantry Regiments, and Dwight's 
Artillery Regiment ; but Capt. Baker's Co. (2d), and Capt. Kinsleagh's 
Co. (5th), of Pepperrell's Regiment, were from Boston and vicinity. 
Staples' and Deering's companies (ist and 4th) were from Kittery; 
Fairfield's (3d) from towns in York Co. ; Harmon's Co. (6th) from 
York; Butler's (7th) from Berwick; Perkins' (8th) from Wells; 
Warner's (9th) I think from Biddeford and Saco; and Pearson's (10) 
from Falmouth." 

There were also Kittery men on the provincial fleet and transports 
at Louisburg. 

In the Pepperrell Papers (Mass. Hist. Coll., 6th Series, Vol. 10, pp. 
525, 526), I find the following : 

A list of men under my command [Capt. Peter Staples'] in the 
General's regiment, viz.: 

JoelWhitemore, Lieutenant, Marred; Daniel Wilson, Ensign, Batche- 
lor; Joseph Greenleaf, Marred; 'Thomas Allen, marred, has several chil- 
dren ; John Tompson, marred, has children ; 'Zimry Hanscon, marred, 
has no children ; 'David Spiney, marred, no children ; 'Uriah Hanscon, 



' All belonging to a frontier town in the county of York. Louisbourg, Sept. ye 20th, 
1745. Peter Staple. 



Maine at Lotiisburg in 1^45 83 

marred, one child ; 'William Pettegrew, marred, no children ; 'Edward 
Hammond, marred, has children; Robert Due, marred, one child; 
'George Knight, marred, several small children ; 'Morres Bryan, marred, 
has several small children; 'John Ayers, batchelor; James Abbot, 
batchelor ; John Ranken, batchelor; John Pugsley, batchelor; 
'Richard DoUey, batchelor ; 'Nath'l Hooper, batchelor ; 'James Good- 
win, batchelor ; 'John Lydstone, batchelor ; 'William Remick, batche- 
lor; 'William Allen, batchelor; 'George Marrenor, batchelor; 'Benj. 
Leach, batchelor; 'Jeremiah Spiney, batchelor; 'Jonathin Thomas, 
batchelor; Bartholumy Whittum ; 'Simon Emery, batchelor; Hugh 
McClanen, batchelor ; 'Cato Fairwell, batchelor. 

In the Pepperrell Papers (Mass. Hist. Coll., 6th Series, Vol. 10, p. 
521) there is the following " true state of Capt. Butler's Company :" - 

Lieut. Peter Grant, Married, 11 children, , , 5 children, 

Ensign John Lewis, Married, , John Clerk, , , James 

Gerrish, , , Mikeil Wooson, , , John Murray, 

, , Ichabod Tibits, , , James McCarriel, , 

, Samll Grant, Married, 2 children ; Samll Jones, Sick, , 

Nathan Goodwin, Sick , Louisbourg, Septr. ye 17th, 1745 ; Capt. 

Butler, gone home. 

On the following page in the Pepperrell Papers (522) is a " list of 
the men belonging to Capt. John Harmon, in the General's regiment 
and thare circumstances, &c, Sept. 17, 1745. All in a frontier town," 
viz. 

Jno. Harmon, Capt., Jos. Weber, Sergt, A married man, with 6 
children ; Jos. Cole, A married man, with 5 children ; Hugh Holeman, 
A married man, with 7 or 8 children ; James Hays, A married man, 
with 4 or 5 children ; Noah Penass, A married man ; Moses Samoss, A 
married man, with i child; Joshua Ramsdill, Single man, being at ye 
point of death ; Dan'l Young, single man ; Jno. Gary, Single man ; 
Paul Roach, Single man ; John Wells. 

Several of these men were transferred to Capt. Thomas Perkins' Co. 
The following account "of the men that has families of Coll. John 



I All belonging to a frontier town in the county of York. Louisbourg, Sept. ye 20th, 
1745. Peter Staple. 



84 Maine at Louisburg in l'/4S 

Storer's company, all belonging to frontiers very much exposed," is 
from the Pepperrell Papers, Mass. Hist. Coll., 6th Series, Vol. lo, pp. 

526, 527 : 

Sargantt Davis, A wife and 7 children ; Joshua Kimball, A wife and 
I child ; Ichabod Donhew, A wife and 7 children ; Joshua Lasdill, 
A wife and 8 children ; Isaac Buswell, A wife and 3 childen ; Aaron 
Lord, A wife and 3 children ; John Cradiford, A wife and 3 children; 
Lemuel Clark, A wife and 3 children ; Edward Evens, A wife and 

; Joshue Adams, A wife and o child : James Reed, A wife and 2 

children ; William Cortis, A wife and i child ; Charles White, A wife 
and four children. 

The names of the singale men : 

John Kene, Benjamin Gellsion, Ichabod Gellsion, James 
I/ittlefild, John Bagsher, John Deen, Isaac Danford, Joseph Taylor, 
James Gibson, Edmond Welch, Mathew Robson, Benjamin Cortis, 
Joseph Webber. 

In the Pepperrell Papers (Mass. Hist. Coll., 9th Series, Vol. 10, p. 
527) I find the following : 

A List of men under my Command. Capt. Perkins. 

Capt. Tho's Perkins, Lieut. John Burbank, Clark, Jesse Dorman, 
Rolison Bond, Nath'l Martin, Bryant Paule, Allezon Aesdell, John 
Carr ; Under my command, Thos. Perkins' 6 men. 

Serg. Joseph Webber, John Gairy, John Wells, Noa Pennice ; 
Capt. Harman's 4 men. 

Sergt. John Clark, Sam'l Jones, James Gairish, Sam'l Grant, 
Michell Woodsome, John Murray, Nathan Gooden, James Mac 
MacClalling, Ichabod Tibbits ; Capt. Butler's 9 men. 

James Sampson, John Gellason ; Capt. Lowe's 2 men. 

In the Pepperrell Papers (Mass. Hist. Coll., Series 6, Vol. 10, pp. 

527, 528) is the following "list of Thomas Perkins' men in the estate 
they are in : 

Left. John Burbank, sick and a wife, and six children ; Eliphalet 
Perkins, Joseph Coole, a wife and three children ; Edward Stuart, a 
wife and four children ; Jeremiah Springer, sick, and a wife and four 
children ; Stephen Harding, sick, and a wife and one child ; Richard 



Maijie at Lonisbtirg in ly^^ 85 

Perry, a wife and two children; Jesse Darman, under diffical circum- 
stances at home; Eliphalet Carr, sick; John Carr, sick; John Hames, 
sick; Asa Burbank, Nathanael Marten, Rolenson Bond, Aleson 
Lasdell, Bryant Paul. All living in a fruntear town in New England. 

The following list of Capt. Moses Pearson's Falmouth Company is 
from an original roll in the possession of Hon. Andrew Hawes of 
Portland: Moses Pearson, Captain; George Knight, Lieut.; James 
Springer, Ensign; Alex. Roberts, Sergt.; Philip Hodgkins, Sergt.; 
Ebenezer Gustin, Sergt.; Joshua Ilslej'', Sergt.; Joseph Emerson, Corp.! 
David Woodman, Corp.; Gamalied Pote, Corp.; Samuel Liint, Corp.; 
Simon Wheeler, Drum'r ; John Roberts, Clerk ; Privates, John Anderson, 
John Ayer, Penuiel Barton, Samuel Clark, Jacob Clifford, Abiel 
Crosby, Daniel Douty, Joseph Foster, Andrew Pep. Frost, James 
Gikey, Edward Gilman, Moses Gould, servt. to Nathan Winslow; 
Jacob Graffam, Samuel Graves, son of John (under age), Ebenezer 
Hall, Moses Hodgkins, Samuel Hodgkins, servt. to Philip Hodgkins 
(under age), Nathaniel IngersoU, Ebenezer Lincoln, Samuel Lowell, 
Nehemiah Pitnam, Abraham Sawyer, Sequent (an Indian), Joshua 
Simson, Joseph Thorn, Joseph Thorn, Jr. servt. to Moses Pearson, 
George Williams, son of George (under age). 

Of the above the following petitioned for a township of laud for 
their services at Louisburg, and the township granted was called 
Pearsontown, now Standish : Moses Pearson, George Knight, James 
Springer, Ebenezer Gustin, Gamaliel Pote, Samuel Lunt, John 
Anderson, John Ayer, Penuiel Barton, Samuel Clark, Jacob Clifford, 
Daniel Douty, James Gikey, Jacob Graffam, Samuel Graves, Moses 
Hodgkins, Samuel Hodgkins, Nathaniel Ingersol, Samuel Lowell, 
Abraham Sawyer, George Williams. 

The following also signed the petition : Isaac Ilsley, Jeremiah 
Springer, Jr., Joshua Brackett, Philip Hodgkins, John Fowle, Richard 
Semple, Stephen Clark, John Clark, Jacob True, Josiah Hunniwell, 
Benjamin Sweetser, Jeremiah Pote, Thomas Brackett, Elisha Pote, Job 
Lunt, John Clark, John Owen, Jr., Joshua Moodey, John Irish, William 
Reed, John Roberts, William Pitman, Samuel Atwood. 

The Township was granted in 1750 to Capt. Moses Pearson, Capt. 
Humphrey Hobbs and their companies. 



86 Maine at Lotdsbjirg in 1^45 

A list of laborers belonging to Col. Moulton's regiment emploj^ed 
on the repairs of His Majesty's Garrison at Louisbiirg, from the 2ud to 
the 7th of September, 1745, both days inclusive. The manuscript is in 
the Newburyport Pepperrell Papers in the possession of the Maine 
Historical Society. Joseph Fairbanks, Samuel Wilcott, James Grant, 
James Holland, Cuff Mannis, John Butler, John Towle, William Ever- 
leth, Phillip Tray, Tho. Hill, Stephen Teneris, John Fitts, Ezekiel 
Henry, Joseph Wood, John Figget, Isaac Brown, Isaac Farn, Daniel 
Fuller, Richard Newhall, John Majenrj', Obediah Farn, Theo. Farinton, 
James Linzey, William Andrews, John Newmarch. 

Frank D. Marshall, Esq., of Portland, a native of Y6rk, in a letter 
concerning the York men in the Louisburg expedition, writes : " I had 
a great-great-great-grandfather, John Kingsbury of York, who, as a boy 
of eighteen years, was at Louisburg, and there lost a leg. Years ago, I 
came across a receipt given to him by L,. D. Leopold, Surgeon of the 
Royal Convent and Hospital at Louisburg, acknowledging payment in 
1747, ^ Pour avoir fait ii7ie ampuiation de la jarnbe de Mons. Jean 
Kingsbxiry.^ Kingsbury stumped around on his wooden leg for more 
than sixty years afterward ; was Selectman, Justice of the Peace and one 
of the committee on the crisis of 1774. The wooden leg is well remem- 
bered by my aunt, who as a girl used to see it in the attic of the old 
Kingsbury house. 

" I believe that Jonathan Say ward was also in the expedition, com- 
manding the sloop 'Seaflower.' He was subsequently Judge of the 
Court of Common Pleas, Judge of Probate, for many years a representa- 
tive to the General Court, and one of the leading men in that section. 

"Francis Raynes of York was another well known man in the 
expedition." 

Endeavors to obtain lists of the men in Waldo's regiment, 
recruited largely from coast towns between the Kennebec and the 
Penobscot, have been disappointing in their results. The History of 
Boothbay, Southport and Boothbay Harbor gives no names of men in 
the expedition. Johnston, in his History of Bristol and Bremen, 
mentions two names, Joseph Burns, captain of a transport, and James 
Yeates, (p. 290). Lieut. Samuel L. Miller, of Waldoboro, then 



Maine at Lotdsbtirg in l'/4§ 87 

Broadbay, -writes: "We have no records previous to 1773 when the 
town was incorporated. Undoubtedly nearly all the Germans, who 
were here then, enlisted. Sebastian Zouberbhuler or (Tsauberuhler) 
was an agent of Waldo's in securing German settlers, and undoubtedly 
commanded the German contingent in Waldo's regiment, ' but I cannot 
give a single name of the rank and file. " Cyrus Eaton, in his Annals 
of Warren, says (p. 73): " Many of the settlers at St. George's enlisted 
in this Pepperrell's expedition. Several from the upper town took 
their families with them. Some remaining at L,ouisburg three years, 
and others never returning. . . . Among those who went to 
Louisburg were Walker, Kelloch and Gregg with their families, also 
Bernard and Allen, the latter of whom died there." 

Southgate, in his history of Scarborough (Collections of the 
Maine Historical Society, First Series, Vol. 3, p. 172), says: "One 
hundred and sixty of our townsmen were enlisted in Col. Waldo's 
regiment some time before the attack upon Louisburg, but it does not 
appear how many of these continued in the service through that event, 
or who of them were present and assisted in the capture, excepting 
Sam'l Milliken, Roger Hunniwell and Seth Fogg. Milliken was lost on 
the return thence, and Hunniwell had one arm shot off in the engage- 
ment." On page 173, he adds: "The names of some of the soldiers 
enlisted in this war from Scarborough are preserved in the following 
lists : 

" Capt. George Berry's Company. 

"Daniel Moody, Josiah Hunniwell, John Libby, Thomas Foss, 
Robert Munson, Alex Roberts, L,t. John Libbee, Noah L,ibbee, Sam'l 
Larrabee, Richard Honewell, Jethro Starbird, Rich'd Carter, Theo'd 
Moses, Robert Munson, James lyibbee, David Sawyer, L,t. Dan'l Fields 
Walter Foss, Timo. Haines, Daniel Mudy. 

" And in Capt. Thomas Perkins' Company. 
"Isaac Mackene, James Libbee, Thomas Larrabee, Ephraim 
Andrews, Sam'l Figuit (Fickett), Elijah Bragdon, John Myrick." 



' The conjecture is correct. Zouberbhuler's name appears in the list of commis- 
sioned officers in Waldo's regiment. 



88 Maine at Louisburg in iy4§ 

The name of Capt. George Berry does not occur in the lists of 
Pepperrell's officers previously given, and it would seem that he must 
have received his commission some time after the surrender. 



CORRESPONDENCE 



CORRESPONDENCE 

DR. A. BUIvMAN TO WM, PEPPERRELL 
[Proceedings Mass. Hist. Soc, 2 Series, Vol. 11, pp. 99, looj 

To the Hon. Colonel Will. Pepperrell, Esqr., in Boston. Per. Mr. 
Jou. Sayward. 

York, Febry 4, 174 4-5 

Hon. Sir : — Having a favorable opportunity by my neighbor J. 
Sayward, I tho't it might not be disagreeable to let you know that 
agreeable to the late proclamation, this day the several companies of the" 
town were called together (except one), and there was a considerable 
readiness in many to enlist ; and as I am informed 17 of Capt. Harmon's 
snowshoe men have already entered their names enlisted. About ten 
or twelve have enlisted at large under any captain whom the Governor 
shall appoint. About ten more under Mr. James Donnell. And 
twelve of Capt. Sewall's company have signed a paper signifying their 
intention of enlisting, tho' desirous of first knowing who is like to be 
their Captain. Among these twelve the Lieutenant of the company was 
one. Here I cannot but observe (and indeed it was no small part of the 
end of my writing to let you hear of what I doubt not but your Honor 
will be pleased with) and that the said Capt. Sewall called his men to 
his own house and generously entertained them all with a dinner and 
much encouraged them to engage in the present expedition, promising 
to as many of his men as would go that he would give them out of his 
own pocket so much as with the Province pay they should have 8 £ per 
month. And that if any of their families were in want he would 
supply them so that they should not suffer. An example (I think, 
and I doubt not your Honor will think) worth speaking of, and 
worthy of imitation. Some decline enlisting till they know who 
shall be the general officers, as also who shall be their particular 
Captain. I have some reason to conclude from what I have heard that 
your Honor has declined, so that I look upon my [self?] free from any 
special obligation to attend the present service. But yet if there be a 



92 Maine at Louis burg in IT 45 

blauk warrant for a surgeon's mate, if it might be filled up with the 
name of John Sweet of York, he is willing and I hope would be able to 
serve his King and country in that capacity. I would before I conclude 
this scrip inform that this day I waited on your lady and found her 
health something bettered. That your Honor, with the honorable 
brethren, may have council from above to direct in the important 
affairs you are from day to day engaged in is the hearty desire of your 
Honors most humble and obliged servant, 

A. BUIvMAN.' 

P. S. I have reason to apologize for my freedom but I must omit 
it till I shall have the pleasure of seeing your Honor face to face. 

WILLIAM VAUGHAN TO WILLIAM PEPPERRELL. 
[Pepperrell Papers, pp. 100, loi.] 

To the Hon. W. Pepperrell, Esq., at Kittery. 

Portsmouth, Feb. 8, 1744. 

Hon. Sir, — Give me leave to salute you on your being appointed 
General. I doubt not but you will use your best endeavor, and I 
heartily wish you success. I am doing all that I can to forward the 
business. I was lately at York, and find the people exceeding ready 
to go, but are in confusion on account of officers. I hope Capt. 
Donnell will be appointed a Lieut. Coll., and Elder Harmon a Major, 
as he was the first man that engaged with me in the affair, even before 
Capt. Donnell came. I pray that if these gentlemen are appointed 
above Captains that they may have an allowance to nominate the 
oflficers of these companies. I have desired the gentlemen at York to 
march one company next Monday to Boston, to give life & spring 
to the affair. I hope you'll encourage the same. I have written to Dr. 
Hale to desire the Governor to order all the men to march next week. 
I pray you to make ready to be at Boston next week, for dispatch is the 
life of business. I have proposed that 2000 men, if no more, be ready 
to sail by the twentyeth day of the month. I hear that you intend to 

' See pp. 50, 51. 



Maine at Louisburg in 7/^5 03 

be at this town Monday next ; shall endeavor to wait on you, should do 

it sooner but that I expect you'll be full of company. 

I am your humble servant, 

W. Vaughan.* 
Hon. W. Pepperrell, Esqr. 

ANDREW LE MERCIER TO WII.LIAM PEPPERREI.I. 
[Pepperrell Papers, pp. 102, 103.] 

Boston, the 8th of February 174 4-5 
Sir :~I give myself the honour to write to you to acquaint your 
Honour that the Honorable Samuel Waldo hath been appointed by the 
comittee of our General Court to speak to my son Andrew (now at" 
Falmouth) and to encourage him to go with you and your army 
against Cape Breton, in quality and in the character of a linguister. 
Tho' I want him very much about some other business, yet if he can be 
serviceable in the intended expedition, I would consent to his going 
upon a suitable encouragement. It is uncertain yet how much the 
General Court will allow him. It is not likely that they will grant 
what I call a sufficient encouragement, except you are pleased to give 
him a lieutenancy in your own regiment or some other. Indeed, Sir, 
what makes people fond of commissions in your army is a hope, well or 
ill grounded, that if the place be taken they may have their commis- 
sions confirmed at home, and so have either a full sterling pay, if they 
are imployed, and if they are dismissed a half pay. For that 
reason I would have him receive a lieutenant's commission, and be left 
in garrison there. However, I would desire it upon these terms, that 
during the expedition he would only act as a linguister, and after the 
taking of the place as both a Lieutenant and a linguister. My son hath 
by him a plan of Louisburg and the fortifications of the town, drawn by 
himself, which (as Captain Loring saith) is truer than any extant, and 
might be of some use in this expedition. Pray, Sir, honour me with 
one word of answer. I pray the God of Hosts to be your shield against 

' See pages ii, 12, 21, 28-30-52. 



94 Maifie at Loinsburg in 1^45 

al your ennemies, to crown your undertaking with succes and your 
person with His best blessings, and I pray you to believe me, most 
respectfully. Sir, 

Your Honour's most humble and obedient servant. 

Andrew Le Mercier. ' 

To the Honourable Brigadier Pepperel, Esqr., &c, &c. 
Boston, the 8th of February, 174 4-5. 

JOHNSON HARMON TO WILLIAM PEPPERRELL. 

[Pepperrell Papers, pp. 103, 104.] 

York, February 16, 1744. 

To the Hon. William Pepperrell, Esq., Brigadier General, at Kittery 
per Captain Beal. 

Hond. Sir, — This waits on you with my duty, wishing you all 
the success and comfort that prosperity can afford you in the great 
trust reposed in you. May the conduct of Heaven always attend you in 
every scene of life. The Providence of God blessing me with so good a 
measure of health, and my inclinations being strong to wait on you to 
Lewisburgh, I am persuaded there is something yet for me to do their 
before I leave the world. And as your smile is all I crave in order to 
my going with you, I shall look for my reward either in the coming 
world (if I am called of in the cause of my King and country) or as you 
see I deserve if ever I return to New England. If you'l favour me with 
a line in answer, I shall look upon it as a token of your regard. I beg 
leave. Honored Sir, to subscribe myself. 

Your dutiful humble servant, 

Johnson Harman.^ 

'He was minister of the French Protestant church in Boston. Andrew Le Mercier 
was commissioned a First Lieutenant in Col. Moulton's regiment, July 15, 1745. 

- Also Harmon. He was commissioned Captain in Pepperrell's regiment. In earlier 
life he had been conspicuous in Indian warfare, and was with Col. Moulton in many of his 
expeditions. While the army was before Louisburg, he was put in charge of an 
expedition to the island of St. Johns for the removal of the inhabitants to France. Gen. 
Waldo, in a letter to Gen. Pepperrell concerning a proposed attack on the Island Battery? 
wrote May 23, 1745 : "Capt Card & his company, Eldr Harman & his, Capt Terry & his 
100 men, also the men who would have gone with Capt Pierce, would be the most likely to 
be serviceable herein, but any companies you think well of may probably do as well." 



Maine at Louisbiirg in 1745 95 

AMI RUH. CUTTER TO WIIvLIAM PEPPERRElvL. 
[Pepperrell Papers, pp. 104, 105.] 

For the Hon. William Pepperrell, Esq., Brigadier General for the 
Expedition to Cape Breton, in Kittery or elsewhere, by Mr. Young. 

Saco Falls, Febry 20, 1744- 
Hond. Sir, — Understanding by Col. Waldo that my proposal of 
being a surgeon in the intended expedition was rejected by the 
Honorable Committee, and being desirous to go in some shape or other, 
hearing nothing in answer to my request in writing to your Hond. for 
an enlisting order, I took a warrant from Col, Waldo to beat in his and 
your regiments, and have with such as I had secured before completed 
the number of forty-six men, whose names I have sent to the Governor" 
by Mr. Young, and do believe I can make up sixty. If what I have 
done be agreeable to your Honor, I shall be content with a command 
that will not degrade me. Dennis Downing tells me he has enlisted 
with your Honor, notwithstanding he had before entered with me, 
which he was induced to do for want of money, and I hear that 
Nathaniel Crocker, another of my men, has since enlisted with Capt. 
James Noble, which I mention that they may not be entered twice. 
Sir, as Biddeford (wherein are about twelve of my men) is nearer to 
Falmouth than to York, and as my family and a number of my men are 
at North Yarmouth, I must beg the favour that I may appear with my 
men at Falmouth rendezvous. I shall wait at Biddeford for your 
Honor's further order, and am 

Your humble servt. 

Ami Ruh. Cutter.' 

I expect by Saturday to make up sixty men, having already secured 
five or six that are not in the list. 



1 He was appointed Captain of the yth company in Col. Moulton's regiment, and was 
left at Canso in command of the post after the army left Canso for Louisburg. Captain 
Cutter was a graduate of Harvard College in 1725, and was ordained minister of the 
church in North Yarmouth in 1729, but on account of differences that had arisen between 
him and his people he was dismissed Dec. 12, 1742. Later he practiced as a physician. 
In 1742 he removed to Saco, and was placed in command of a fort, and had charge of an 
Indian trading house. He was made chief surgeon at Louisbufg, probably after the death 
of Dr. Bulman, and died there in March, 1746. Edward Russell, in his History of North 



96 Maine at Louisbiirg in 1^45 

DBA. JOHN GRAY TO WILLIAM PEPPERRELL. 

(Pepperrell Papers, pp. 105, 106.) 

To the Hon. William Pepperrell, Esq., Brigadier General and Com- 
mander-in-chief of the intended Expedition, &c., at Kittery. 

Biddeford, February 25, 1744. 
Sir. — Though I may be the last that may congratulate you upon 
your exalted station that the Almighty God and the people of this 
province have entrusted you with, which, indeed, is of the greatest, and 
in my small capacity of discerning the most wisely concerted for the 
best interest of the whole continent, yet I may with sincerity own to 
you my heart and affections are with you ; and had I had time to have 
appeared, I should have been proud to have waited on you in this 
expedition tho' without sustaining any commission or profit. It being 
enough for me as a gentleman of this country to have accompanied 
General Pepperel. I am fully knowing that in the midst of the hurry 
of business you are now in, long epistles are unseasonable. Yet permit 
me to add a few words which you may peruse at your leisure. Go on, 
Great Sir, in your strength and under the banner of the Lord of Host. 
'Tis not by numbers that I hope you think to conquer, but to them to 
whom the arm of the Lord shall be revealed. I believe no expedition 
ever will be any more accompanied with more ardent and fervent 
prayers to God than this, that you Sir, may be directed to such 
measures as may be to the honour and glory of God. For 'tis he that 
giveth wisdom and upbraideth not. 'Tis strongly impressed on my 
mind that you will have the honor of taking that strong citidal. And 
how sweet and pleasant will it be to you to be the person under God 
that shall reduce and pull down that stronghold of Satan, and set up 
the kingdom of our exalted Savior. O, that I could be with you and 
dear Mr. Moody in that single church to destroy the images their set 

Yarmouth, says : "Although dismissed from the office of minister, he did not lose the 
confidence of the people. He was much employed in transacting the business of the 
proprietors, in drawing reports, deeds, and even writing letters for individuals. The 
records and ancient papers furnish ample evidence, that nothing important was done 
while he resided here without his aid ; and his elegant handwriting will render him an 
agreeable companion to every antiquary who may examine these documents. " Coll. of 
Maine Hist. Society, ist Series, Vol. 2, pp. 186, 1S7. 



Maine at Lonisbtirg in IJ^J.^ gy 

up, aud the true Gospel of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ there 
preached. My wife who is low and under confinement, yet is so 
spirited in the affair on your taking of the comand that she is very 
willing all her sons shall wait on you, tho' it is outwardly much to our 
damage ; one is already enlisted, aud [we] know not but there may be 
more. She sends her duty to you, and tells me as long as she has life 
she shall importunatly pray for you. I have attended the enlistments 
by your officers here, but am surprised at the conduct of Capt. Cutter. 
I am honored Sir, 

Your most obedient friend aud humble servant, 

John Gray.' 

MOSES PEARSON TO WII.LIAM PEPPERRELIv. 
[Pepperrell Papers, pp. 107, 108.] 

Falmouth, February 27, 1744. 
Honored Sir,— In obedience to your Honor's command I take this, 
being the first, opportunity to let you know I got home the 25th instant ; 
siuce which I have enlisted twelve able-bodied men. My being from 
home, Capt. Noble, Capt. Moody, and Capt. Cutter, with some others 
telling people I had got a full company at Newbury and did not intend 
to return to Falmouth, but proceed to Boston, induced a number 
on whom I most depended to enlist with the said Captains, so that men 
are not plenty ; but I hope within four or five days to make up the 
number thirty or more, and take the first opportunity to Boston. I am. 
Your Honor's most obedient servant 

Moses Pearson.^ 
Postscript. Colonel Waldo at Biddeford informed me Capt. Cutter 
would have no commission and encouraged me I had opportunity to take 
the men he enlisted at Falmouth. If so I shall be able to make up a 
company in a short time. I am. Honored Sir, 

Yours ; 

Moses Pearson. 

' He was deacon of the church in Biddeford. 
becaJ^°„'n^ ofT" '^T f^o-" Newbury to Falmouth in 1728. He was a carpenter, and 
SZl ^ r ! . prominent citizens of Falmouth. He was the first sheriff of 
Cumberland Couaty, a deputy to the General Court in 1737, '40 and '49, and judge of the 



98 Maine at Louisburg in iy4§ 

NICHOLAS SPARHAWK TO WILLIAM PEPPERRELL. 
[Pepperrell Papers, pp. ii8, 119.] 

Kittery, 18 March, 1744. 
Hon. Sir : I wrote you the last post but one, which went under 
cover to my partner, and he doubtless delivered it to you. I wonder 
not that I have no answer, since you were engaged greatly in matters 
of infinitely greater consequence. As I expect this will be delivered 
you at sea, you may possibly have leisure enough to read it and will 
excuse me, should it give you any interruption, nothing further being 
proposed by it then to give you a fresh (and the best I am able to 
present) token of my filial regards and affection towards a parent to 
whom I can neither express my obligations, much less requite them, 
nor give more then a shadow of the firm attachment I have to your 
person and interest. I do assure you, Sir, that I constantly bear you on 
mind with all the duty, love, and respect that the best father can desire 
or claim from an affectionate and most obedient son ; nor am I more 
soUicitous for the prosperity of my own family (which I know is 
closely connected and depends greatly on your prosperity, favour & 
patronage) then for the happiness of yours ; and I am more especially 
concerned in regard of your present great undertaking, that the 
Almighty God may preserve you in and qualify you for everything that 
may be required from you ; that He would give you health, wisdom and 
courage equal to your enterprises ; that you may gain an honourable 
victory, and be returned in safety, according to your wishes, and may 
have the just applause of all good men for your love of virtue 
magnanimity, and inviolable attachment to our nation and particularly 
to New England ; and may not only your works praise you, but may 
your countrymen, inspired with a sense of your value universally rise 
and call you blessed. This letter, I trust, will be more agreeable as it 
covers one from your good lady, my mother Pepperrell. Bettsy begs 



Court of Common Pleas. His share of the plunder at Louisburg was two cannon. When 
in the autumn of 1746 all New England was in arms on account of the arrival of 
D'Anville's fleet, sent over from France for the purpose of retaking and dismantling 
Louisburg and making havoc along the New England coast, the people of Falmouth, in 
town meeting, requested the loan of these two cannon to be placed on Spring Point, the 
site of Fort Preble. See p. 52, note 2. 



Maine at Louisburg in 1^45 gg 

her father to accept her in joining with me in every wish, peice of 
respect, and duty. Each of our families (God be thanked) are pretty 
well. Mr. Waldron, the bearer, has in a very complaisant manner 
taken leave of each of them, which is a piece of civility that he is 
singular in, and therefore if his behavior entitles him likewise, he will 
have some marks of your favor to distinguish him. Pray, Sir, favor me 
with a line, if an express comes from you, which will highly honor and 
particularly gratify me. I would not presume to add any more. Allow 
me to finish with my compliments to Colonel Waldo and any gentlemen 
that may enquire after me, and to assure you that I am sincerely and 
with all possible defference. Sir, 

Your most obedient son & devoted humble servant. 
Brigadier General Pepperrell. ^- S^arhawk.' " 

WILLIAM PKPPERRELL TO HIS WIFE. 
[Vol. Q., Willis Mss., Library of Maine, Historical Society, Portland.] 

My dearest : Louisbourg, Sept. 1 1, 1 745- 

I received by Capt. More six shirts in a bundle, but no letter from 
you, which gave me some concern. If you knew what pleasure a 
letter from you gives me, I am sure you would strain your dear eyes 
even by candle-light ; but am afraid you was not well, being well 
assured you cannot forget me. 

We have not as yet any answer to our express's from England, and 
it being uncertain where [when] I shall return this winter, although it 
IS the earnest desire of my soul to be with you and my dear family, 
but I desire to be made willing to submit to him that rules and governs 
all things well ; as to leave this place without liberty I don't think I 
can on any account. 

I shall want some red, blue and black thread to mend my clothes, 
worsted and yarn to mend my stockings, some pieces of dark blue, red 
or crimson Shalloon to mend my clothes. I do believe I have clothes 
enough for winter except it is a pair or two of yarn stockings. I have 

10 'f''L°^^'Sparhawk married Elizabeth, eldest daughter of William Pepperrell June 
m HediJ^r^^r T- J^'^^'^P-hawkof Bristol, R.L.and was born Ma ch 4! 
1715- We diedat Kittery, Dec. 21, 1776. 



100 Maine at Louisburg in 1^45 

sent you five shirts and three necks, for they spoil shirts to wash them 
here. I sent you all my tea in great hopes then soon to follow it ; but 
you must send three or four pounds. Catto ' will want a pair or two 
of large thick shoes, stockings and woolen shirts or two, some fowls 
[fouls] will answer, and then hope I shall be well provided for winter. 

If you have an opportunity you may send these things, but don't 
give yourself much trouble about them. Hope we shall do well with- 
out them. 

Let Andrew send me the saddle I rode to Boston on, the plate 
holsters, pistol-bags and housing, a good bridle. As to pistols I have 
a [ ?] here. 

But after all I hope to be with you this winter; if not must 
provide for the worst. 

And now my dear, I must tell you something of the distress and 

anguish of my soul. My prudent and valiant Doctor Bulman, although 

[he] has had his health finely until about six days past, was taken with 

a nervous fever and given over. I expected the day past he would not 

have lived, but blessed be God there is some hopes this morning. The 

Lord in great mercy continue him to us if it is his holy and blessed 

will. 

Cannot enlarge my love to my dear children and all my dear 

friends ; and accept of same from 

Your affectionate husband, 

Wm. Pepperrell. 

REV. SAMUEL JEFFERDS TO COL. JOHN STORER. 

Wells, September i6, 1745. 
To Col. John Storer, Esq., at Louisburg: 

Dear Sir, — I should not have delayed the congratulating you upon 
the reduction of Cape Breton, nor the acknowledging the receipt of 
your favors to me from Louisburg, dated June 22 and June 30, unto 
this day, as I have done, had not a fond expectation of seeing you here 
from week to week, operated with me, to think, that my writing to you 
there, would have been fruitless. But having seen my mistake, and to 
amend it as well as I can, I embrace this opportunity to express my 
' Cato Farwell, Gen. Pepperrell's colored servant. 



Maine at L 07ns burg in 1^4^ lOl 

joint praises and thanksgivings with you unto God, for the marvellous 
things which he has herein done by, and for you, and for us, whose 
right Hand and holy Arm hath gotten him the victory. Here is a new 
song put into our mouths ; a song of praise to the LORD, for the 
avenging of Israel when the people willingly offered themselves. We 
bless God for what he has done, and acknowledge he has laid us under 
singular obligations of gratitude and thankfulness to those he has been 
pleased to honor, by improving them as happy instruments in this truly 
great and glorious work. Our hearts should be, and I trust are, carried 
out in esteem and love, especially towards the Governors or Rulers of 
our New English Israel, that offered themselves willingly among the 
people. — O that We may cleave to the Lord our God, and take good 
Heed to ourselves that we may love him and serve him and may He- 
confirm his work, and satisfy our longing souls in your safe and speedy 
return unto us. 

I take it as a special favor, that in the midst of all your triumphs, 
you was pleased to remember me, and to take so much notice of the few 
lines I sent you, and give yourself the trouble of writing me once 
and again. I thank you for the particular account you was pleased to 
give me of the strong but conquered city. 

Your aged holy mothers are still living, and in their common state 
of health, as are also the rest of your family. Your pious consort, 
though heavily bowed down under the cares and troubles of your long 
absence, and filled with grief and sorrow under the unexpected con- 
tinuance of it, yet she bears it all with an exemplary patience, and 
sweet serenity of mind. Your eldest son keeps our school ; your 
second looks after your husbandry and other affairs. Your daughter is 
at Boston, waiting for your arrival, and to accompany you here. Your 
two youngest daughters are at home longing to see you, and little Sam'l 
is ready to jump and fly into your arms. I presume you have received 
the mournful news of the Hon. Colonel Wheelright's decease and of 
your honored aunt Littlefield's. Besides which, there has but one 
grown person died among us, since you have gone, viz. Sam. 
Littlefield's wife of Maryland, and not so much as a child, belonging to 
any of our friends that are with you. 

Be pleased. Sir, to present my duty to his Excellency, our Captain 



102 Maine at Louisburg in I'/4§ 

General, for whose wise, just, and easy, happy administration, thanks 
are continually offered up unto God, by a grateful Province, with their 
earnest prayers for the long continuance and further prosperity of it ; 
and to his Honor, our Lieutenant General, the merits of whose valor 
and conduct will not be forgotten by an obliged people, but conveyed 
down to late posterity with all suitable tokens of respect. Please to 
give all proper regards to all friends, and especially my hearty love to 
these of my particular charge, that are yet at Louisburg. 

And now, Sir, that the happy day may be hastened when I shall see 
you face to face, and hear you rehearse the righteous acts of the Lord, 
and go in Company with you to his house, and there enjoy an holy 
fellowship with you, is the constant, earnest desire, and fervant prayer 

of 

Your faithful and affectionate Pastor and 
Dutiful, humble. Servant, 

Sam'i, JEFFERDS. 



OFFICIAL REPORTS, &c. 



OFFICIAL REPORTS, &c. 

PEPPERREIvL'S REPORT TO GOV. SHIRLEY. 

Louisburg, June i8, 1745. 

May it please your Excellency : It is with the utmost pleasure that 
I now congratulate you and my country on the happy issue of our 
enterprise against Louisburg, which was effected through God's good- 
ness by the surrender of this strong fortress, etc., on the i6th instant, 
upon terms of capitulation agreed to with the governor of said place, by 
Commodore Warren, and myself, a copy of which I have inclosed to 
your Excellency ; and accordingly the fleet came into the harbor, and a 
detachment of our troops with myself entered the town yesterday and 
this morning. The French troops marched out and were embarked on 
board the ships. We are with all possible speed removing everything 
from the camp into town, and are taking an account of the state of the 
garrison and of the stores found here, which I shall send with this, if 
it can be accomplished in season. We find our shot and bombs have 
prodigiously distressed and damaged the enemy. The circular battery 
is almost entirely demolished ; but I must omit particulars. Many of 
our army will be impatient to return home. I desire your directions on 
that head, also relating to Canso, etc., etc. I shall forthwith forward 
despatches to the Duke of Newcastle to inform his grace of our success 
and situation. 

I need not again express to you. Sir, that I esteem it of the 
happiest consequence that his Majesty's ships were sent here under the 
command of a gentleman whose distinguished merit and goodness New 
England claims a particular right to honor and rejoice in. I should 
want words to express the instances of his zeal in the affair, and the 
entire readiness he has shown through the whole of it, to give the army 
all possible assistance, but to your Excellency and every one who 
knows him, it is enough to say. Commodore Warren was here. I was 
favored with his company on shore the day Mr. Duchambon sent out 



lo6 Maine at Loiiisburg in l'/45 

his first letter desiring suspension of hostilities, and we had just before 
agreed upon a general attack by land and sea the first opportunity ; 
but heaven has given us an easier victory than that might probably 
have been. We have not lost above one hundred men by the enemy in 
this vast enterprise, including the disaster at the island battery. 

[After referring to the lack of provisions, flags, and building 
materials to make the necessary repairs, he adds : ] 

I believe such ruins were never seen before, which, however, is not 
to be wondered at, as we gave the town about nine thousand cannon 
balls and six hundred bombs before they surrendered, which sorely 
distressed them, especially the day before they sent out a flag of truce, 
when our incessant fire on the town prevented their showing their 
heads or stirring from their covert ways, and from our light-house 
battery we played upon the island battery with our cannon and large 
mortar, so that some of them ran into the sea for shelter. 

REPORT BY WARREN AND PEPPERRELL TO THE DUKE OP 

NEWCASTLE. 

[Parsons' Life of Sir William Pepperrell, p. 119. J 

Louisburg, June 18, 1745. 
May it please your Grace : 

We presume you have been made acquainted, by Governor Shirley, 
of the expedition intended against Louisburg and the territory there- 
unto belonging. We have now only time to congratulate your Grace on 
the success of his Majesty's arms by the surrender of said place on the 
i6th instant, after a siege of forty-nine days on terms of capitulation, a 
copy of which we inclose to your Grace. The repeated timely assistance 
of the squadron of his Majesty's sent here, deserves our most grateful 
acknowledgments. The acquisition of this strong fortress which 
much exceeds our most extended apprehensions, will, we are 
persuaded, be thought of great advantage to his Majesty's dominions, 
especially in North America, and that immediate care will be taken for 
the defence thereof, by the nation ; also that his Majesty's subjects who 
voluntarily engaged in the expedition will be entitled to such favor 



Maine at Louisbnrg in IJ4S 107 

from his Majesty as will animate them to make further progress 
against the settlements of the French in America, and flatter ourselves 
that his Majesty will be graciously pleased to approve of, by confirming 
such persons in their posts for their zeal and good behavior, as we from 
personal observation take leave to recommend to his favor. 



PEPPERRElvL'S REPORT TO THE DUKE OF NEWCASTLE 

[Pep. Papers, 299-302.] 

Louisbourg, June 28th, 1745. 
My Lord Duke : 

I have already had the honor to transmit to your Grace in conjunc- 
tion with Commodore Warren an account of the success of his Majesty's 
arms in the reduction of Louisburg and territories adjacent to his 
Majesty's obedience, which was happily effected on the sixteenth 
instant by an army of his Majesty's New England subjects whom I have 
the honor to be at the head of, assisted on the seaside by a squadron of 
his Majesty's ships under the command of Mr. Warren, said fortresses & 
territories being surrendered on terms of capitulation, of which a copy 
was forwarded to your Grace with our letter, and duplicate thereof is 
herewith inclosed. On the 17th instant his Majesty's ships entered the 
harbor, and the same day, part of the troops with myself marched into 
the city. Since which have used the utmost dilligence in making the 
proper dispositions for the security and good regulation of the place, 
and the speedy evacuation of it, agreeable to the terms of capitulation. 
I have now the honor to enclose to your Grace an account of what troops 
were raised in each of his Majesty's governments in New England which 
were aiding in this expedition and the present state of them, and I 
flatter myself that his Majesty will be graciously pleased to approve of 
their zeal in voluntarily engaging in so expensive and hazardous an 
enterprise, even before they had notice of any other naval force than the 
private vessels of war fitted out by themselves. And I humbly beg 
your Grace's leave to say that I should not do my fellow soldiers justice 
if I omitted this opportunity to assure your Grace that they have with 
the utmost cheerfulness endured almost incredible hardships, not only 



I08 Maine at Loiiishirg in 1^45 

those necessarily incident to a camp in such an inclement climate, 
where their lodging and accommodations could not be but of the poor- 
est sort, but also in landing and transporting with infinite industry and 
pains our heavy artillery (some of which were 42 lb. cannon) several 
miles in cold foggy nights over almost impassible bogs, morasses and 
rocky hills, also in landing the warlike stores and provisions, in doing 
which they were extreamly exposed ; and at the same time we were 
obliged to keep out large detachments to range the woods in order to 
intercept and disperse parties of the French and Indian enemy who were 
gathering together behind us, with whom we had several skirmishes, in 
all which we routed the enemy, killed and wounded many of them, and 
took upwards of two hundred prisoners. Several sallies were made 
from the town, in all which we repulsed the enemy with very little loss 
on our side, and we have been so happy thro' God's goodness as not to 
lose above 100 men by the enemy in the whole of this great enterprise. 
They held out against a close siege of forty-nine days, during which 
time we raised five fascine batteries, from whence, and a large battery 
deserted by the enemy on our landing, we gave them above nine 
thousand cannon ball and about six hundred bombs, which greatly 
distressed them and much damaged their fortifications, and in partic- 
ular rendered useless the most considerable battery of the town (called 
the Circular Battery) which mounted sixteen large cannon and very 
much commanded the harbor. The fatigue of our men in all these 
services was so great that we had near fifteen hundred sick at a time. 
Notwithstanding all which they not only continued to express 
the greatest zeal to go on vigorously against the enemy, but in general 
generously acquiesced in the loss of the plunder they expected from 
the riches of the city, and tho' undisciplined troops I am persuaded his 
Majesty has not in his dominions a number of subjects more 
universally loyal, or that could possibly express greater readiness to 
spend their lives in the cause they were embarked in for his Majesty's 
honor and the good of their country. I esteem it a peculiar favour and 
of the happiest consequence that his Majesty's ships sent so timely to 
our assistance were under the command of a gentleman of such 
distinguished merit and so universally beloved in New England as 
Commodore Warren. He has constantly exerted himself to give the 



Maine at Louisbtirg in 1^45 109 

army all possible assistance, and the same day that a suspension of 
hostilities was desired by the enemy, we had determined upon a general 
assault by land and sea, and for the better manning the ships for that 
purpose it was agreed to spare them six hundred men out of our troops. 
I have the honor also to inform your Grace that in our way from New 
England we stopt at Canso, and began to rebuild the fortification 
there, which the French destroyed last year, and left eight cannon with 
the necessary stores and eighty men of the troops to complete and 
defend the same, which I hope will meet with his Majesty's gracious 
approbation. We have also destroyed the town and the fort at St. 
Peters and several other considerable settlements upon this island ; 
and may the happy success of this expedition against Louisburg (the 
pride of France) whereby his Majesty has the key of the great river of 
St. Lawrence, and by which the absolute command of the fishery and 
indeed very much of the whole trade of North America is secured to his 
Majesty's subjects, be an happy prelude to the reduction of all the 
French settlements in America, in which, will your Grace permit me to 
say, I am confident his Majesty's New England subjects will at all times 
be ready to contribute their utmost assistance, as far as their circum- 
stances will admit of. And his Majesty's great goodness leaves no room 
to doubt but that he will be graciously pleased to express his royal 
favor toward those who engaged in this expedition in such manner as 
will animate them and their country to proceed further with the 
greatest cheerfulness. I must not omit to acquaint your Grace that the 
French in conjunction with the Indian enemy had prepared to besiege 
the garrison of Annapolis Royal this summer ; seven or eight hundred 
of them having gathered together there, expecting, as 'tis said, an 
armament from France to join them, but were called off from thence to 
the relief of Louisburg, but did not arrive in season. It appears there 
were notwithstanding about 2000 men able to bear arms in the city when 
it was surrendered. 

I now have the honour to inclose also your Grace an account of the 
state of this fortress, and of the stores found here, and beg your 
Grace's leave to mention that the inclemency of this climate will 
render it absolutely necessary that particular care be taken for the 
warm clothing and lodging of the troops posted here. I presume his 



no Maine at Lo7iishi,rg in 1^4^ 

Majesty will be pleased forthwith to make known his royal pleasure 
relating to this important place, 'till which time I shall endeavour with 
the utmost loyalty and my best discretion to promote the security and 
good regulation thereof, and beg leave to subscribe myself, with 
all possible duty & respect, may it please your Grace, 

Your Grace's most obedient and most humble servant. 

W. P. 
Louisbourg, June 28, 1745. 
His Grace, the Duke of Newcastle, &c., &c., &c. 

THE GENERAL COURT TO PEPPERRELL 

Province of the 
Massachusetts Bay. 

Boston, Dec. 24, 1745. 
Sir: 

As his Excellency's wise choice and appointment of you to the 
chief command of the land forces, on his first forming the design to 
reduce Cape Breton, gave us great satisfaction and hopes, so your 
brave and successful execution of this important trust has given us the 
highest joy and pleasure : And we do with the greatest sincerity 
congratulate you on the approbation and favor your great and good 
services met with from our most gracious sovereign, by his creating you 
a baronet of Great Britain, an honor never before conferred on a native 
of New England,* and we heartily rejoice^ that as a farther assurance of 
his Majesty's satisfaction in your conduct, courage and fidelity, his 
Majesty has appointed you Colonel of a regiment designed for the 
preservation of the important acquisition you so bravely obtained : 
We have no occasion now to debate, whether it be a greater glory to 
procure or preserve a conquest ; you have done both. You first 
reduced a strong and almost impregnable fortress and then cheerfully 
submitted to the difl&culties and inconveniences of continuing on the 
place for the quiet and satisfaction of the officers and soldiers whom 
you had so happily led on to victory. 

' This is an error. Sir William Phips, a native of Woolwich, Maine, received the 
honor of knighthood at Windsor Castle, June 28, 1687. 



Maine at Lotiisbtirg in 1^45 in 

And we cannot forbear mentioning what every one proclaims to 
your honor, that no mercenary or vain consideration induced you to 
accept of this difficult and hazardous service ; nothing but a zeal for 
his Majesty's interest and an ardent affection to the good of your fellow 
subjects, could have carried you from the most affluent fortune among 
us, and from the head of his Majesty's Council, the highest honor 
your native country could put upon you. 

We heartily congratulate that so brave a Commander as Admiral 
Warren had the direction of his Majesty's ships of war, and on you and 
his mutual, wise and harmonious conduct in this important affair which 
has proved so beneficial for the producing this great event. 

We earnestly pray that the same kind Providence which has 
hitherto remarkably attended and crowned your faithful services with " 
success, may still preserve and long continue you in the favor of your 
king and an honor and blessing to this your native country. 

In the name and by order of the Council. 

JosiAH W11.1.ARD, Secretary. 

In the name and by the order of the House of Representatives 

Thomas Cushing, Speaker. 

[Baxter Manuscripts, Maine Historical Society, Documentary 
History, Second Series, Vol. 11, pp. 311, 312.] 



IMPORTANT SOURCES OF INFORMATION 

CONCERNING LOUISBURG, ITS 

SIEGE AND CAPTURE 



IMPORTANT SOURCES OF 
INFORMATION 

The Great Importance of Cape Breton, Demonstrated and Exem- 
plified By Extracts from the best Writers, French and English, who 
have treated of that Colony. 

The Whole containing, besides the most accurate Descriptions of 
the Place a Series of the Arguments that induced the French Court to 
settle and fortify it, the Plan laid down for making the Establishment," 
and the great Progress made in the Execution of that Plan ; with the 
Reasons that induced the People of New England to subdue this 
formidable and dangerous Rival, and that should determine the 
British Nation never to part with it again, on any Consideration 
whatever. 

London. Printed for John Brindley, Bookseller to his Royal 
Highness the Prince of Wales, 1746, [John Carter Brown Library, 
Brown University.] 

The importance of Cape Breton to the British Nation, humbly 
represented by Robert Auckmuty, Judge, &c., in New England, N. B. 
Upon the plan laid down in this representation the island was taken by 
Commodore Warren and General Pepperrell the 14th of June, 1745. 
London, 1745. [A tract of seven pages in the Library of Harvard 
University. A paper of this title, printed in the Mass. Hist. Coll., V. 
202-205 has the name correct, Auchmuty, and is dated "from my 
lodgings in Cecil Street, the 9th of April, 1744."] 

The Importance and Advantage of Cape Breton, Truly Stated and 
Impartially Considered. With proper maps. London, 1746. [Ascribed 
to William Bollan and believed by some to have been inspired by Lt. 
Col. William Vaughan. Chapter VI, is entitled " A Summary Relation 
of the Siege of Lewisburg. With a Short Account of Mr. William 
Vaughan's particular Behavior in the Expedition of Cape Breton." 
[John Carter Brown Library, Brown University.] 



ii6 Maine at Louisburg in iy^§ 

An accurate Journal and Account of the Proceedings of the New 
England Forces During the late Expedition against the French Settle- 
ments on Cape Breton to the Time of the Surrender of Louisbourg, 
1746. 

[Pepperrell, Waldo, Col. Moore of the New Hampshire regiment, 
Lieut. Col. Lothrop of the Connecticut regiment and Lieut. Col. 
Gridley of the artillery certified that this account "contains a just 
Representation of the Transactions and Occurrences therein set forth 
and of the Behaviour of the said Forces .... Sent over, by 
General Pepperrell himself, to his Friend Capt. Henry Stafford, at 
Exmouth, Devon. Printed from the original Manuscript, at the Desire 
of Capt. Stafford, as well as in Justice to the General, or for the better 
information of the Publick." John Carter Brown Library, Brown 
University, Library of Harvard University, Boston Public Library and 
State Library, Boston. The Journal was printed, with occasional verbal 
differences, as an appendix to a letter written by Gov. Shirley to the 
Duke of Newcastle, entitled " Letter from -William Shirley, Esq., to 
the Duke of Newcastle, with a Journal of the Siege of Louisbourg. 
London, 1746." There is a copy in the State Library in Augusta.] 

In a sermon by Thomas Prince, M. A., " Extraordinary Events the 
Doings of God, and marvellous in pious Eyes," preached " at the South 
Church, Boston, N. E. on the General Thanksgiving, Thursday, July 
18, 1745," there is considerable information with reference to the siege 
and capture of Louisburg evidently derived from oflScers and soldiers 
connected with the expedition. [The State Library at Augusta has 
a copy.] 

A manuscript diary, kept by Mr. Benjamin Green, Secretary of the 
Louisburg expedition of 1745, is one of the treasures of the library of 
the American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass. It was presented 
to the Society April 27, 1818, by George Bates, M. D., and was printed 
in the Proceedings of the Society for October, 1909, under the title 
"The Sir William Pepperrell Journal." This is not the title of the 
manuscript given to it by Mr. Green. He entitled it "Journal or 
Minutes made in an Expedition against Louisbourg. Anno Domini 
1745." There is nothing in the manuscript which indicates that this 



Maine at Lotiisbiirg in 1^45 1 17 

was regarded as the official record of the expedition. Certainly, the 
title, " The Sir William Pepperrell Journal," is a misleading one.' 

Ivieut. Col. John Storer of Wells is said to have kept a diary begin- 
ning at Wells, March 8, 1745, and ending April 30. Dr. S. A. Green 
Secretary of the Massachusetts Historical Society, says he was informed 
by the late Hon. Joseph Williamson that Col. Storer's diary was pub- 
lished in the Lewiston Journal in 1854. The office of the Lewiston 
Journal has not a file of the paper for that year, and search for one else- 
where has not been successful. Unless a copy of the I^ewiston Journal, 
containing Col. Storer's diary can yet be found, therefore, it is believed 
that the loss is irreparable. 

Col. James Gibson, who accompanied the French prisoners to 
France as cartel-agent, published in London in 1745, "Journal of the' 
late Siege by the Troops of North America against the French at Cape 
Breton. There is a copy in the John Carter Brown Library, Brown 
University. 

The most important of Gen. Pepperrell's papers came into the 
hands of Dr. Jeremy Belknap, who used them in the preparation of his 
History of New Hampshire. Afterward he deposited them in the 
archives of the Massachusetts Historical Society, where they are 
preserved in two volumes. In the same depository are the Belknap 
Papers, also a volume of Louisburg papers. Dr. Usher Parsons, in 
preparing his Life of Sir William Pepperrell, used not only the 
Massachusetts Historical Society materials, but some papers he found 
at Kittery " in an old shed on the Pepperrell estate." 



' Benjamin Green Esq., is mentioned in the records of the Council of War presented 
to the Massachusetts Historical Society by Dr. Belknap in October, 1791, (Pepperrell 
Papers, Vol. X, p. 3); also as appointed treasurer " to receive and pay the money for the 
repairs made at Louisbourg" after the surrender (p. 32). He was born July i, 1713, and 
in his early manhood was engaged in mercantile pursuits in Boston with his brothers, 
Joseph and John. At the organization of the Louisburg expedition he was made Gen. 
Pepperrell's secretary ; and while at Louisburg, after the surrender, he held several 
offices of honor and responsibility until 1749- Later, at Hahfax, N. S., he continued in 
the public service, and in 1757 he was made military secretary to the Commander-in-Chief 
of his Majesty's forces, and Colonel of the militia of Nova Scotia. He died at Halifax 
in 1792. 



Il8 Maine at Louisburg in 1745 

BOOKS IN THE JOHN CARTER BROWN LIBRARY, 
BROWN UNIVERSITY 

The Importance and Advantage of Cape Breton, Truly Stated and 
Impartially Considered . . . London . . . MDCCXLVI. 

The Great Importance of Cape Breton, Demonstrated and 
Exemplified . . . London . . . MDCCXLVI. 

De Importantie en Voordeeligheid van Kaap-Breton . . . Te 
Delft . . . 1746. 

Two letters. Concerning some farther Advantages . . . Cape Breton, 
London . . . 1746. 

Lettres et Memoires . . . L'Histoire . . Du Cap Breton . . . Son 
^tablissement . . . 1758. A la Haye ... A Londres . . . MDCCLX. 

Genuine Letters and Memoirs, Relating to . . . History of . . . 
Cape Breton . . . First Settlement . . . 1758. By an impartial 
Frenchman, London . . . 1760. 

Shirley, William. 1744-1745. Instructions ... to Wm. Pepperrell 
... an expedition against Cape Breton. Massachusetts Historical 
Society in American Apollo, 1792. Metcalf 941. 

(Pepperrell, William) An Accurate Journal and Account of the 
Proceedings of the New-England Land-Forces . . . Cape Breton . . . 
Surrender of Louisbourg . . . London . . 1745. 

Warren, P. and Pepperrell, Wm., MS. News Letter to Governor 
Wanton, Louisbourg, Jan'y 25th, 1745. 

Pepperrell, William MS. Autograph order to Col. Hale, 
Louisbourg, July 31, 1745. 

Lettre D'un Habitant De Louisbourg, Contenant exacte & circon- 
stanciee de la Prise de L'Isle-Royale, par les Anglais Quebec . . . 
MDCCXLV. Translated by G. M, Wrong, 1897. 

A letter from William Shirley, Esq ; . . . Duke of Newcastle. . . . 
with a Journal of the Seige of Louisbourg . . . London . . . 1746. 

Gibson, James. A Journal of the late Siege by the Troops from 
North America, against The French at Cape Breton . . . London . . . 
MDCCXLV. 

Prentice, Thomas. When the People and the Rulers among them 
. . . Thanksgiving . . . Reduction of Cape Breton. Boston . . . 1745- 



Maine at Louisburg tn 1^4^ 119 

Prince, Thomas. Extraordinary Events the Doings of God . . . 
Occasion'd by the taking of Louisbourg, . . . Boston . . . 1745. 

Niles, Samuel. A Brief and Plain Essay on God's Wonder-Work- 
ing Providence . . . Reduction of Louisbourg. N. London, 1747. 

Sewall, Joseph. The Lamb Slain . . . Boston . . . 1745- (The 
last few leaves refer to the capture of Cape Breton). 

Walter, Nathaniel. The Character of a True Patriot. Boston 

. . • 1745- 

Chauncey, Charles. Marvellous Things done by the right hand 
and holy arm of God . . . Thanksgiving . . . Reduction of Cape 
Breton . . . Boston . . . London: reprinted 1745- 

McClenachan, William. The Christian Warriour . . (Cape Breton) 
Boston . . . 1745. 

A Letter to a certain Eminent British Sailor, Occasion'd by his 
Specimen of Naked Truth. London . . . MDCCXLVI. 

National Prejudice, Opposed to the National Interest . , . yield- 
ing up Gibralter and Cape Breton . . . London . . . 1748- 

(Vernon, Admiral Edward) A Specimen of Naked Truth, from a 
British Sailor . . . London . . . MDCCXLVI. 

A Voyage to South America, undertaken by command of his 
Majesty the king of Spain by Don George Juan and Don Antonio de 
Ulloa [Capt. Ulloa, returning in a French vessel, was captured off 
Louisburg, August 13, 1745, and given an account of Louisburg, as he 
found it so shortly after its capture. See Vol. 2, Chap. VII, pp. 373- 
389.] London, 1758. 

MANUSCRIPTS IN THE LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN 
ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY. 

Pepperrell, Sir William, 1745, Journal and notes made in an 

expedition; March, ; August, against Louisburg, i Vol.; i745> 

Letter to Col. Robert Hale ; June 2, ; July 26, Letter to Col. 

Robert Hale ; Aug. 15, Letter to Col. Robert Hale; 1745, "Rules of 
Discipline to be observed by troops at Louisburg; 1745, Three miscel- 
laneous manuscripts of Pepperrell relating to the campaign ; 1745. 
Hale, Robert; Four letters to Hale as to details or while in the 



120 Maine at Lonisburg in l'/43 

campaign ; 1745, Curwen, Samuel, Warrant to Curwen for raising 
troops, Commission to Curwen, two letters of Curwen; 1744-5, 
Willard, Josiah ; Letter to Edward Tj^ng as to drafting men for liis 

fleet ; 1745, Letter to Sir William Pepperrell ; May 22 . (No lists 

of troops.) 

WORKS IN THE vSTATE LIBRARY OF MASSACHUSETTS. 

Bent, S. A. Why was Louisburg Twice Besieged? Address. 
(Society of Colonial Wars. Massachusetts. Proceedings, 1895.) 

Bradstreet, D. Diary During the Siege of Louisburg, April, 1745 — 
Jan. 1746. With notes and an introduction by S. A. Green. Camb., 
1897. 8°. 32p. 

DeLaucey, E. F. New York and Admiral Sir Peter Warren at the 
Capture of Louisbourg, 1745. Address at the inauguration of the 
monument at Louisburg, 150th anniversary by the Society of Colonial 
Wars, 1895. n. p., [1895]. 8°- I7, (i) P- 

Drake, S. A. The Taking of Louisburg, 1745. Boston, 1891 [1890]. 
16°. i36p. (Decisive events in American history.) 

Edwards, J. P. Louisbourg: an Historical Sketch. Read before 
the Society, 27th Nov. 1894. (Novia Scotia Hist. Soc. Coll., v. 9. 1895.) 

Gordon, — ^Journal of the siege of Louisbourg, 1758. (Nova Scotia 
Hist. Soc. Coll., V. 5.) 

Hoyt, S. R. J. Fall of Louisburg. (Society of Colonial Wars. 
State of loiua. Addresses, ist series. 1900.) 

Johnson, L- D. A Boston Merchant of 1745 ; or. Incidents in the 
Life of James Gibson, with a Journal of [the siege of Louisburg. Anon.l 
Boston, 1847. 16°. io2p. 

Knap, N. Diary at the Second Siege of Louisburg, 1758. (Society 
Colonial Wars. MassacMisetts. Proceedings. 1895.) 

Louisbourg in 1745, the anonymous Lettre d'un habitant de 
Louisbourg, containing a narrative by an eye-witness of the siege in 
1745. Ed with an English translation by G. M. Wrong. Toronto, 1897. 
1.8°. 74p. (University of Toronto. Studies. History and economics, 
v. I, no. I.) 



Maine at Louisbtirg in 7/^5 



121 



Macdonald, C. O. The Last Siege of Louisburg. London, [1907]. 
12". xvi, 175 p. 

Morrison, W. K. New Hampshire Men at Louisburg and Bunker 
HilL (Manchester Hist. Assoc. ColL, v. i. 1896-99.) 

New Hampshire. Special Commissioner to the Celebration at 
Louisburg. Roll of New Hampshire Men at Louisburg, 1745. Concord, 
1896. 1.8°. 63p. 

Prince, T. Extraordinary events the doings of God. Illustrated 
in a. sermon, Boston, on the general thanksgiving, July 18, 1745. 5th 
ed. Boston, reprinted, London, 1746. 12°. 32p. 

Shirley, W. Letter to the Duke of Newcastle : with a journal of 
the Siege of Louisbourg. London, 1746. 8°. 32p. (Pm. v. 219, no. i.) 

Society of Colonial Wars. Report of the committee on Louisbourg . 
memorial. N. Y., 1896. 8°. Ixip. Facsimile and illus. 

Sydney (C. B.) Advocate. The Louisbourg Monument, June 1895. 
A souvenir number. [Sydney, 1895.] 4°. (30) p. Maps, portraits and 
illus. 

Walker, G. L. The Capture of Louisbourg. (Society of Colonial 
Wars in the State of Connecticut. Papers and addresses, v. i. [1903.] 

Wheeler, E. P. The Louisbourg Expedition of 1745. Address 
delivered upon the King's Bastion of Louisbourg, 150th anniversary of 
the Surrender of the Fortress, June 17, 1745. Philadelphia, 189s 
8°. i8p. ^^ 

COPIES OF DOCUMENTS IN THE DOMINION ARCHIVES AT 

OTTAWA, CANADA 

[By A. W. Doughty, Dominion Archivist.] 

1745, April 6.— Shirley to House of Representatives— refers to his 
expedition against Cape Breton. 

1745, June 16.—" Ratification of the Terms of Capitulation made & 
Concluded on for the Surrender of Louisbourg, and Territories adjacent 
to the obedience of his Brittanic Majestv June 16, 1745. o. s. " (June 

27, U.S.) 

" A Registery of the Commissions in the army under the Command 
of the Honble. Wm. Pepperell Esqr. for an Expedition against the 
french Settlement on Cape Breton." 



122 Maine at Louisburg in 1^45 

" General Officers, — William Pepperell Esqr. Lieutenant General 
and Commander in Chief of all the Forces by Sea and Land in said 
Expedition, and dated 31st January 1745. From Govr. Shirley and 
Govr. Law & Govr. Wentworth." 

" Roger Wolcott Fsqr., Major General, from Shirley dated 7th 

March, 1745." 

" Samuel Waldo, Esqr., Brigadier General from Govr. Shirley, 

dated 7th March, 1745." 

"Joseph Dwight, Esqr., Brigadier General, from Govr. Shirley, 

dated Feb. 20th, 1745." 

The names of the oflBcers of each regiment are given in these lists. 

1745, May 7, o. s. The Camp before Louisbourg — Summons sent in 
to the commanding officer in Louisbourg, signed by W. Pepperell and 
P. Warren. 

1745, May 18, n. s. Answer to the foregoing summons. Duchambon, 
the French commanding officer, refuses to listen to a proposal for the 
surrender of the fort until after the most vigorous attack. 

1745, June 26, n. s. First letter of Duchambon to Pepperell and 
Warren for proposals of surrender. 

1745, June 15, o. s. (or 26 n. s.) — Answer to the foregoing letter by 
Pepperell and Warren. 

i745> June 27 — Second letter from Duchambon to the same — He 
sends them Articles of Capitulation. 

1745, June 16, o. s. (27 n. s.) — Answer from Pepperell and "Warren 
to Duchambon. They refuse to accept his Articles of Capitulation, and 
send him their own. 

1745, June 27, n. s. — Third letter from Duchambon to Pepperell and 
Warren relative to surrender. 

1745, June 16, o. s. (27 n. s.) — Answer to the foregoing by 
Pepperrell and Warren. 

1745) June 18, o. s. (29 n. s.) — Letter from Warren to Newcastle in 
which he says: "General Pepperell and I have acquainted your 
grace by a joynt letter, that we are now in quiet possession of the Town, 
Fortresses, and Territorys of Louisbourg, upon the Island of Cape 
Britoon, which has been surrendered to us by capitulation, the articles 
of which, will be transmitted to your grace, with the said joynt letter." 



Maine at Louis burg in I'J45 123 

This joint letter was not found in the Colonial Office Records, 
I^ondon, when the transcripts for the Dominion Archives were made, 
and we have no copy of it. By Newcastle's letter of August loth (o. s. ) 
to Pepperell, this joint letter is dated the i8th June (o. s.)- 

1745, June 19, o. s. (30 n. s.) — I^etter from Pepperell to Newcastle in 
which he recommends that a garrison should be left at Louisbourg. 

1745. June 28, o. s. (.July 9, u. s.)— Letter from Pepperell to 
Newcastle giving an account of the siege of Louisbourg, and enclosing 
returns " of what Troops were raised in each of his Majesty's Govern- 
ment in New England which were aidiag in this Expedition." 

(Copies of thirteen returns.) 

1745, August 10, o. s.— Letter from Newcastle to Pepperell 
acknowledging receipt of his letters of June 18 and 28, and expressing 
his satisfaction with the " agreeable news of the reduction of the Fort 
& Town of Louisbourg, and of the Territory thereto belonging, to His 
Majesty's obedience." 

There are in the Archives two volumes of Admiralty Logs of the 
British Fleet at the Siege of Louisbourg for the year 1745. The 
contents of volume M 641 are as follows : 

Lark — (Captain's log 547) 1745, June i to July 4. 

Superb — (Captain's log 933) 1745, April 16 to June 23. 

Superb — (Master's log 722) 1745, June 24 to July 8, & Aug 17 to 
Oct. 8. 

Sunderland — (Captain's log 944) 1745, June i to October 8. 

Canterbuiy — (Captain's log 161) 1745, June 13 to October 8. 

Lanceston — (Captain's log 562) 1745, April 16 to July 4. 

The contents of volume M 642 are : 

Princess Mary — (Captain's log 739) 1745, May 22 to October 8. 

Eltham — (Master's log 393) 1745, April 23 to July 5. 

Chester — (Captain's log 195) 1745, June 9 to July 5, & Sept, 23 
to Oct. 9. 

Hector — (Master's log 412) 1745, May 24 to June 30, & August 
15 to 17. 

Vigilant — (Master's log 737) 1745, May 23 to November 12. 

Mermaid — (Captain's log 4260) 1745, April 15 to August 30. 



124 Maine at Louisbiirg in I'J4S 

We have also a copy of the Journal of Reverend Stephen Williams, 
lyonisbourg, 1745-1749. 

Volume 83 of " Correspoudence G^n^rale, Canada" for the year 
1745, in the despatches of Beauharnois and Hocquart to the Minister, 
contains references to the taking of Louisbourg by Pepperell and 
Warren, but has no account of the Siege. 

In volume 27 of "Correspondence Gen6rale, Isle Royale " for 
1745-48, there is a letter from Duchambon, lieutenant du roi, written 
from " L,a Rade de Belisle le 13 aoust 1745 " to the Minister in which he 
says: " le vingt sept Juin dernier je fus oblige de rendre aux Anglois 
Louisbourg avec ses dependances apres avoir soutenu le si^gependant 

quarante sept jours le nombre des ennemis 

etoit trop sup^rieur au notre, ils etoient environ treize mil tant par mer 
que par terre et je n'avois que douze a treize cens hommes tant bons que 
mauvais au commencement du siege qui ont et^ r^quits a onze cens." 

In the same letter he says "comme vous le verrez par la decision 
des conseils de guerre que j'ai tenu avant la reddition de cette place." 
We have no copies of the councils of war in the Archives, nor of the 
long account of the siege written at Rochefort by Duchambon to the 
Minister dated September 2, 1745. This letter is published in the 
"Collection de documents relatifs a la Nouvelle-France " vol. Ill, p. 
237, also in Parkman's "A Half-Century of Conflict," vol. II, p. 287, 
Champlain edition. The original documents are in the " Ministere de 
la Guerre" in Paris. The documents relating to Canada, Acadie, Isle 
Royale, Plaisance, etc. in the "Ministere de la Guerre " have not yet 
been transcribed for the Archives Branch. 

In volume 27 of " Correspondence G6n6rale Isle Royale," there is a 
short letter from Duchambon to the Minister dated at Rochefort, Sept. 
18, 1745, in which he speaks of his letter of the 2d of the same month. 
This volume also contains a letter of Verrier, " ing^nieur al'Isle- 
Roj'ale," dated at LaRochelle, August 22, 1745, to the Minister; and 
a letter from Boucher, " sous-ingenieur a I'lle Royale," dated at 
Rochefort, August 28, 1745, to the Minister. 

The Archives also have two "M6moires," unsigned, written in 
1745, both relating to Louisbourg, and an " Extrait d'une lettre de 
Ivondres du 6 avril 1745 " relating to the expedition of that date. 



Maine at Louisburg in I J 45 125 

In Vol. F. 159 there is a memoire, dated Rochefort, November 6, 
1745, by Prevost ; and a list of the guns, mortars and small arms found 
in Louisbourg in 1745. 

In the Summary of Documents in Paris published in the "Report 
concerning Canadian Archives for the year 1905," Vol. i, part VI, p. 
495, there is an account of the " Order of Battle of the English 
Squadron in the Port of lyouisbourg " in 1745, and other references to 
the attack. 



MATERIAIv IN THE FRENCH ARCHIVES REIyATlNG TO THE 
SIEGE OF LOUISBURG OF 1745. 

[By W. G. Leland, Carnegie Institution, Washington, D. C] 

Most of the material in the French Archives on the siege of 
Louisbourg in 1745, and without doubt nearly all the most important 
material, is to be found in the archives of the Ministry of the Colonies, 
in some seven or eight volumes and cartons. Complete list of the 
documents in these volumes have been printed in the Annual Reports 
of the Canadian Archives for 1887 and 1905 and can readily be con- 
sulted. A great many of the documents have been copied in full and 
the transcripts are to be found in three collections : — the Parkman 
papers in the Massachusetts Historical Society, the so-called " Poore 
Transcripts" in the archives at the State-House in Boston (printed in 
the collection having the title "Collection de Manuscripts contenant 
lettres. . . relatives a la Nouvelle France," 4 Vols., Quebec, 1883- 
1885-especially Volume II), and the regular series of transcripts from 
the French Archives being made for the Dominion Archives at 
Ottawa. 

Archives du Ministere des Colonies. 
Series B. Depeches. Vols. 81, 82. 

These two volumes contain the instructions and other despatches 
sent from the home government to the officials in the colonies. 

See list of contents in Canadian Archives Report, 1905, Vol. I, pt. 
VI, pp. 39-68. 



126 Maine at Loiiisburg in 1^/4^ i 

Series C ". Correspondance G^n^rale, Canada, Vols. 83, 84. 

These two volumes contain letters from the governor and other ■ 

officers at Quebec to the home government. Not many of these letters ^ 

relate to lyouisbourg, however. 

See list of contents in Canadian Archives Report, 1887, pp. clvi — . 
Complete copies of volumes are in the Dominion Archives numbered 
F5jand F 84. 

Series C. " Correspondance G^nerale, Isle Royale, Vol. 27. 

This volume contains the letters and reports from the officers at 
Louisbourg, material which is of course of first importance. 

See list of contents in Canadian Archives Report, 1887, pp. 
cccxliii — . 

Complete copy in Dominion Archives, numbered F i^g. 

Series F.^ Collection Moreau St. M^ry, Vol. 50, "Isle Royale, 
1686-1766." 

This volume contains many important letters, despatches, reports 
and other documents. See list in Can. Arch. Rept. 1905, I, pt. VI, pp. 
482-502. 

Depot des Fortifications des Colonies. Cartons No. 3, 4. 

These cartons contain a number of memoirs, letters, reports, and 
maps of interest. 

See list in Canadian Archives Report, 1905, I, pt. IV, pp. 10-19. 

The transcripts in the Dominion Archives are noted above. The 
transcripts among the Parkman and the Poore papers were drawn from 
the whole body of originals. In the Parkman Collection the following 
volumes contain the Louisbourg documents. 

Nouvelle France, Vol. II. 

" Papers relating to I,ouisbourg, 1745," — a portfolio. 

Ivettre d'un habitant de lyouisbourg, 1745. 



INDEX TO LISTS OF OFFICERS 

AND MEN 



INDEX 



Abbot, Nath., 78 

Abbott, James, 61, 83 

Abbott, Richard, 73, 79 

Adams, Corp., Jonathan, (John) 

Wells, 59, 62, 68, 75 
Adams, Joshua, Wells, (Admans)59, 

62, 68, 75, 76, 84 
Adams, Ensign Thomas, 64, (on p. 

69, Joseph Adams) 
Aesdell, AUezon, (Probably same 

as Elizer L,eardon, 70) 84. 
Agustus, Ebenezer, 70 
Akim, Morris, (Aken) 73, 79 
Allen, John, 70, 77 
Allen, lyawrence, 60 
Allen, Samuel, Kittery, Berwick, 

60, 74, 81 
Allen, Thomas, Kittery, 61, 68, 

81,82 
Allen, Tobias, Kittery, 69, 81 
Allen, William, L,ieut.,65, 68, 71, 76, 

81, 83 

Allen, , 87 

Alton, Joseph, 73 
Amey, John, Kittery, 76, 81 
Amey, James, Kittery, 69, 81 
Anderson, John, Falmouth, 70, 74, 

76,85 
Andrews, Ephraim, Scarboro, 88 
Andrews, William, 72, 78, 86 
Annable, Robert, (dead) 78 
Arckle, James, 69 
Arckle, Thomas, (Arcules) 6r, 69 
Aton, Joseph, 79 

Atwood, Samuel, Falmouth, 74, 85 
Averill, Stephen, Arundel, 60 



Ayer, John, Falmouth, (Ayres) 60, 

68, 70, 74, 76, 85 
Ayres, John, drummer, Kittery, 61, 

76, 81, 83 

Bagshaw, John, Wells, (Bagsher) 

59, 62, 69, 75, 76, 84 
Bailey, James, Lieut., (Baily)65, 71 
Bailey, Nathaniel, Wells, 60 
Bairman, John, 69 
Bairman, Thomas, 69 
Baker, Samuel, 72, 78 
Banker, John, 68 
Banks, Corp., EHas, 78 
Bare, David, York, Drake's Hist. 

of the French and Indian Wars. 
Barlow, Nathan, 73, 79 
Barnol, Benjamin, 72 
Barton, Joseph, 78 
Barton, Penuiel, 85 
Barton, Shubal, 78 
Baton, Percival, 74, Falmouth, 

same as Percival Barton, also 

Burton. 
Bell, John, Lieut., 65 
Bennett, Robert, Kittery, 81 

Bernard, , (Warren) 87 

Berry, Capt. George, 88 

Bickford, John, 78 

Bicknor, Sam., 76 

Billings, Samuel, Kittery, 61,69,81 

Black, George, Kittery, 68, 81 

Black, Samuel, 2d Lieut., 66 

Blake, Martin, Kittery, 81 

Bond, Robinson, (Rollesin, Rol- 

ondson, Rolenson) Arundel, 60, 

70, 75. 77, 84, 85 



130 



Maine at Louishurg in 1^45 



Boothby, Jonathan, Kittery, 82 
Borcilwater, James, 73 
Boston, Gershom, Wells, 60, 62 
Boston, Joseph, Wells, 59, 61, 62 
Boston, Shebuleth, Wells, 62 
Boston, Shubael, Wells, 61 
Boston, Thomas, Wells, 62 
Bowles, Daniel, 80 
Bowles, Samuel, 73 
Brackett, Joshua, Falmouth, 74, 85 
Brackett, Thomas, 74, 85 
Brackly, John, 73, 80 
Bradford, Samuel, 72, 79 
Bradstreet, Dudley, 2d Lieut., 65 
Bragdon, Elijah, Scarboro, 88 
Bragdon, Solomon, Lieut., 65, 71 
Bridge, John, Ensign, 64, 70 
Brooks, Joshua, 61 
Brown, Ebenezer, 73, 79 
Brown, Isaac, 86 
Brown, John, Sergt., Kittery, 

(Brawn) 72, 76, 81 
Brown, Joseph, Sergt. 78 
Brown, Jonathan, Kittery, 69, 81 
Brown, Peter, 72, 78 
Brown, William, 73, 80 
Bryan, John, 73, 79 
Bryan, Moses, (Morris) Kittery, 

68,81, 83 
Buckner, Sergt., Samuel, 70 
Bulman, Dr., Alexander, York, 62 
Burbank, Asa, Arundel, 60, 75, 85 
Burbank, John, Lieut., Arundel, 

61, 63, 70, 75, 77, 84 
Burbank, Timothy, Wells, 60, 75 
Burgess, Ebenezer, (Burgis) 73, 80 
Burks, John, Wells, 59, 62 
Burns, Joseph, Pemaquid, 87 
Buswell, Isaac, drummer. Wells, 

59, 62, 84 
Butler, Moses, Capt., Berwick, 60, 

63, 69, 74, 83 
Butler, John, Lieut., 63, 86 T 



Butler, Corp.- 



-,60 



Butterfield, Benjamin, Ensign, 65 
Byron, George, 74, 80 

Cain, John, 69 

Cain, Jacob, 72, 78 

Callis, Thomas, Lieut., 64 

Callum, John, 78 

Canaway, John, Wells, 60, 62 

Card, John, ist Lieut., Capt., 66, 

78, 81 
Cargill, John, Ensign, 65, 71 
Carr, Eliphalet, 75, 85 
Carr, John, Arundel, 60, 70, 75, 77, 

84,85 
Carter, Edward, Ens., 2d Lieut., 

66, 73, 80 
Carter, John, Kittery, 61, 69, 81 
Carter, Richard, Kittery, 69, 81 
Carter, Richard, Scarboro, 88 
Cary, George, 73 
Casan, Trabed, 74 
Casey, George, 80 
Castle, Melachi, 78 
Catten, Daniel (David), (Caton) 61,. 

69, 81 
Cavil, Jesse, 79 
Cesser, Lakely, 74 
Chadbourne, Samuel, 61 
Chadburn, William, (Chadbourne) 

Berwick, 60, 61, 74 
Chamberlain, Lt., Clement, 65, 71 
Chambers, John, 78 
Champlin, Ens., Jeffrey, 68 
Chase, David, 79 
Chilcut, John, 79 
Chilent, James, 72 
Cidin, Samuel, 72 
Clark, David, 72 
Clark, Edward, Ensign, 65, 71 
Clark, John, Berwick, (Clerk) 60,. 

83,84 
Clark, John, Falmouth, 69, 74, 

77,85 



Index 



131 



Clark, Jr., John, Falmouth, 74 

Clark, Jos., Capt., 65 

Clark, Joseph, 70 

Clark, Josiah, 61 

Clark, Lemuel, (Elimuel) Wells, 

59, 62, 68, 75, 76, 84 
Clark, Samuel, Falmouth, 71, 74, 

75, 76,85 
Clark, Stephen, Falmouth, 74, 85 
Clement, John, 61 
Clifford, Jacob, Falmouth, 70, 74, 

85 
Clough, Jonathan, 78 
Clough, Joseph, 72, 78 
Clough, Samuel, Kittery, (Cluff) 

61, 69, 81 
Colbetson, Robert, 72, 79 
Cole, Joseph, (Coole) Arundel, 60, 

75. 83, 84 
Conneway, John, 78 
Connor, John, Berwick, 60, 61 
Conover, William, 72 
Cook, Shubel, 70 
Corey, Jonathan, 73, 79 
Corsen, Ichabod, (Capt. Peter 

Staples' Co.) 61 
Corson, Ichabod, Berwick, Capt. 

Moses Butler's Co.) 60 
Cousens, Benjamin, (Col. John 

Storer's Co.), Wells, 60 
Cousens, Benjamin, (Capt. Thomas 

Perkins' Co.) 60 
Cousins, Sergt., Ichabod, Wells, 

59, 62 
Covit, Jesse, 73 
Cowdry, Samuel, 72, 79 
Crediford, John, Wells, (Cradiford, 

Credison, Crafford, Codeford) 

59, 62, 69, 75, 76, 84 
Crediford, Joseph, Wells, (Cradi- 
ford) 59, 62, 75 
Cressons, Ichabod, 75 
Crocker, George, Kittery, 81 



Crook, Shubal, 77 

Crosby, Abel, 70, 85 

Crosby, Abiah, 76 

Crosby, Josiah, L/ieut., 64, 71 

Crosby, Pierce, 73, 79 

Crosby, Adj't William, 64 

Crowell, Aaron, 78 

Cubb, Robert, 70 

Culbert, A., 70 

Culbort, Ron't [Robert] 77 

Cummings, William, 78 

Cunningham, Owen, 73, 80 

Currash, William, 69 

Currier, John, 74 

Curtis, Benjamin, Wells, (CortiSy 

59,68, 75,76,81,84 
Curtis, Benjamin V., Wells, 59, 62, 

81 
Curtis, Joseph, Wells, 59, 62, 81 
Curtis, William, Wells, (Cortis) 59, 

62, 68, 75, 76, 81, 84 
Curwen, Wm., 79 
Cutt, Richard, Capt., Major, Kittery, 

61, 63, 69, 76, 81 
Cutter, Ammi, Ruammah, Capt.> 

66, 73, 80 

Dam, Jonathan, Kittery, 82 
Dam, Simeon, Kittery, 61, 81 
Danforth, Enoch, Arundell, 60 
Danforth, Isaac, Wells, (Danford) 

59, 62, 68, 75, 76, 84 
Daniels, Wm., (7th Co.) 73 
Daniels, William, (8th Co.) 73, 78, 

79, 80 
Darling, Daniel, 78 
Darman, Jesse, 85 
Davis, Sergt., Enoch, Wells, Sergt. 

(died at Louisburg) 59, 62, 68, 75, 

76, 84 
Davis, John, Berwick, 60, 74. 

Volunteered to attack the Island 

Battery. 



132 Maine at Louisburg in I'/ 4.^ 

Davis, William, Kittery, 73, 78, 79, Dunham, Ichabod, Wells, 59, 62, 

82 69, 75 
Davison, James, (Davidson) 72, 78 Durant, Ebenezer, 73, 79 

Deane, John, Wells, (Dean, Deen, Dyke, Rahio, (Robin) 73, 79 

Deene) 59, 62, 68, 75, 76, 84 

Deering, Bray, Lieut., (Dearing) Easterbrooks, Benj., Lieut., 65 

Kittery Pt., 61, 63, 69, 81 Ebbon, James, (Ebborn) 72, 78 

Delaney, John, 73,80 Edwards, Abraham, Ensign, Cap- 

Demoresque, Capt., Philip, 71 tain, 65, 71 

Deshon, James, Arundel, 60 Eldred, Samuel, Lieut., 68 

Devotion, Philip, Wells, 59, 62, 75 Eldridge, John, Wells, 59, 62 

Dixon, Robert, Kittery, 82 Ellis, Edward, Major, 66 

Dixon, Thomas, Kittery, 82. Dix- Ellis, Samuel, 72 

son volunteered to attack the Ellis, Simon, 79 

Island Battery. Elthrop, John, (Elethrap) 72, 78 

Dodson, Sergt., Jonathan, (Dotson,) Emerson, Corp., Jonathan, 70 

61, 78 Emerson, Corp., Joseph, Falmouth, 

Dolley, Richard, Kittery, 68, 81, 83 85 

Dollinson, Robert, 79 Emery, Simon, Kittery, 68, 76, 81, 

Donhew, Ichabod, 84 83 

Donnell, James, Ensign, (Donnel) Ennell, Aaron, 72 

66 Erwin, John, 78 

Donnell, Capt. Nathaniel, York, Evans, Edward, Wells, (Evens) 

Lieut. Col., 61, 66, 72 59, 62, 68, 75, 76, 84 

Dorman, Jesse, Arundel, 60, 75, 77, Evans, Thomas, 73, 79 

84. He was a Lieut, in Preble's Everleth, William, 86 

regiment at Lake George in 1758. 

He was a Captain in Col. James Fairbanks, Joseph, Ensign, 66, 73, 

Scammons' Regiment of Foot 80, 86 

in 1775. Fairfield, Jabies, 69 

Dothinson, Robert, 72 Fairfield, Lieut., John, Wells, 59, 

Dotson, Sergeant, 61 62, 63, 68, 75 

Dowdell, George, 73, 80 Fairfield, Nathaniel, 60 

Downing, Davis, Kittery, 69, 81 Fanton, Thomas, 72 

Downing, Dennis, 61 Farman, Caleb, (Farnum) 73, 79 

Downing, John, 73, 79 Farn, Isaac, 86 

Downing, Packfry, 78 Farn, James, (John) 72, 78 

Downing, Tho., 78 Farn, Ebadiah, (Obadiah) 72, 78, 

Dowty, David, Daniel, Falmouth, 86 

(Douty) , 70, 74, 85 Farrington, Sergt., Theo., (Far- 
Due, Robert, 68, 83 ington) 78, 86 
Dumaresque, Philip, Capt., 64 Farrington, Sergt., Thomas, 72 



Index 133 

Far-well, Cato, Kittery, (Farewell, French, William, 73, 79 

Fairwell) 68, 76, 81, 83 Frost, Andrew P., Brevet Lieut., 

Fay, Joseph, Kittery, 81 Kittery, 82, 85 

Felt, Nath., 78 Frost, Charles, 2d Secretary, 

Fernald, John, Capt., 82 Kittery, 82 

Fernald, Moses, Kittery, (Furnald, Frost, John, Kittery, 80, 82 

Firnald) 61, 69, 81 Frost, Stephen, 74 

Fernand, Thomas, Kittery, (Fer- Frothingham, Joseph, 73, 80 

nald) 69, 81 Fry, James, Capt., 65 

Fenix, Richard, Kittery, (Phenix, Fry, John, Kittery, ist Lieut., 65, 

Finnix, Finix) 69, 81 82 

Fennix, Benjamin, Kittery, (Fin- Fuller, Daniel, 78, 86 

nix) 69, 81 Fuller, John, 72 

Fenton, Tho., 79 Furber, Richard, Kittery, 82 

Fickett, Samuel, Scarboro, (Figget, Furbish, John, Kittery, 61, 81 

Fickett, Figuit) 88 Furbish, William, Kittery, 61, 81 
Field, Lieut., Daniel, 88 

Fitts, John, 73, 80, 86 Garney, John, 68 

Figget, John, 86 Gary, John, York (Gerry, Garey, 

Fitzgerald, Richard, Kittery, 82 Gairy) 70, 76, 77, 83, 84 

Flag, Capt., Daniel, 71 Gastin, Ebenezer, (Gustin) Fal- 

Fletcher, Joseph, 73, 80 mouth, 74, 85 

Fletcher, Pendleton, Corp., 59, 62 George, Josiah, 61 

Flynn, Nathaniel, (Flinn) 70,77 Getchell, Samuel, Berwick, (Getch- 

Fogg, Daniel, Capt., 64 el, Gitchell) 60, 61, 74 

Fogg, Seth, Scarboro, 87 Gerrish, George, Lieut., 64, 70, 76 

Foss, Thomas, Scarboro, 88 Gerrish, James, (Garish, Gairish) 

Foss, Walter, Scarboro, 88 Berwick, 60, 61, 70, 77, 83, 84 

Foster, Benjamin, in Company Gerrish, Joseph, Ensign, 66, 72, 78 

from Scarboro. Louisburg sur- Gerrish, Richard, 74 

rendered on Mr, Foster's nine- Gibson ,James,(Gebson)68, 75, 76, 84 

teenth birthday. He was after- Gilkey, James, Falmouth, (Gikey) 

ward Col. Benjamin Foster, and 70, 74. 76, 85 

was one of the leaders of the band Gilman, Edward, 85 

of patriots that captured the Gilpatrick, James, Wells, 60, 62, 75 

British armed cutter Margaretta, Gilpatrick, James, Jr., 75 

in Machias Bay, June 12, 1775 Gitchell, John, 74 

Foster, Joseph, 85 Gleason, Sergt., David, 72 

Fowle, John, Falmouth, 73, 80, 85 Glover, Sergt., David, 78 

Fowle, Joshua, 74 Goldthwait, Benj., Capt., 64, 71 

Francis, Lewis, 73, 79 Goldthwaith, Adjt., Joseph, 64, 71 

Frank, Thomas, Ensign, 71 Gooding, James, 68, 76 

French, Thomas, Ensign, 65 Gooding, Nathaniel, 70 



134 



Maine at Louisburg in 1743 



Gooding, Samuel, (Goodings) 77 
Goodwin, Adam, Berwick, 60, 74 
Goodwin, James, Kittcry, 61, 68, 81, 

83 

Goodwin, John, 74 

Goodwin, Joseph, 74 

Goodwin, Nathan, Berwick, 
(Gooden) 60, 69, 74, 83, 84 

Gorman, Armorer, John, 64, 71 

Gould, Jeremiah, 73, 79 

Gould, John, 73, 79 

Gould, Moses, Falmouth, 70, 85 

Gowell, George, 2d Lieut., Kittery, 
64, 68, 80 

Gowell, Parker, Kittery, 61, 81 

Grace, Nicholas, Kittery, 82 

Graffum, Jacob, Falmouth, (Graf- 
fam) 74, 85 

Grant, Alexander, 74 

Grant, Daniel, 78 

Grant, Lieut., Dexter, 69 

Grant, Elias, Berwick, 60, 61, 74 

Grant, James, Capt., 66, 72,78,81, 
86 

Grant, Lieut., Peter, Berwick, 60, 
64, 83 

Grant, Samuel, Berwick, 60, 61, 69, 
77, 83, 84 

Grant, Samuel, (possibly same as 
on 69) 70, 74 

Grant, William, 74 

Graves, Samuel, Falmouth, (son of 
John) 74,85 

Gregg, , 87 

Green, Andrew, Kittery, 61, 81 

Green, Samuel, Kittery, 82. Vol- 
unteered to attack Island Battery 

Greenleaf, Joseph, Kittery, 68, 80, 
82 

Greenough, John, Ensign, 64 

Greenough, Samuel, Lieut., (Kit- 
tery) 82 



Griffis, David, 78 
Griflis, Richard, 73, 79 
Grossee, Sam, 79 

Gunnison, David, Ensign, Lieut., 
Kittery (Gunnerson) 64, 69,76,80 

Haines, Timothy, Scarboro, 88 

Hale, Daniel, Capt., 64, 71 

Halford, William, 72 

Hall, Ebenezer, 85 

Hames, John, 85, 

Hammond, Edward, Kittery, 61, 
68, 81, 83 

Hamor, John, Arundel, 60 

Hauscom, Henry, Kittery, 81 

Hanscom, Uriah, Kittery (Hanson) 
61, 68, 82 

Hanscom, Zimrie, Kittery, (Zim- 
eriah, Zimariah, Simery, Huns- 
come, Hanscon, Hanson) 61, 68, 
76, 81, 82 

Harding, Stephen, Arundel, 60, 75, 
84 

Hardy, Amos, Wells, 60 

Hardy, Thomas, Ensign, ist Lieu- 
tenant, 61, 64, 70 

Harman, Benj., Lieut., (Harmon) 
63, 69 

Harman, Capt., John (Harmon) 
York, 63, 69, 83, 84 

Harrington, Caleb, 73, 80 

Harris, Amos, 60 

Harrison, Lieut. Charles, 65, 71 

Hart, Elias, 74 

Hartshorn, Jonathan, Lieut., 66, 73 

Hastings, Enoch, 69 

Hatch, Sergt., Benj., Wells, 60, 62 

Hatch, Estes, Capt., 66, 73, 80 

Hays, James, York, 83 

Hay ward, Ephraim, Capt., 65 

Hearne, Nicholas, Scarborough, 
Me. Hist. Soc. Coll., VoL 3, p. 
212 



Index 135 

Hearsey, John, Ensign (Hersey) Hunt, Samuel, 70 

66, 73 Hunt, William, Major, 64 
Henderson, Nathaniel 72, 79 Huston, John, Wells, 59, 62, 65, 75 
Henry, Ezekiel, 86 Huston, Joseph, 75, 
Hicks, Nathatfiel, Kittery, 61, 81 Hutchins, Caleb, Kittery, (Hutch- 
Hide, Michael, (Vide) 72, 78 ens) 69, 81 

Hilborn, Corp., William, 72, 78 Hutchings, David, Arundel, 60, 81 

Hill, Tho., 86 Hutchins, Enoch, 61 

Hodgskins, Moses, Falmouth, Hutchins, Levi, Arundel, 60, 81 

(Hodgkins, Hodkins, Hodskins) Hutchins, Samuel, Arundel, 60, 81 

70, 74, 76, 85 

Hodgkins, Sergt., Philip, Fal- Ilsley, Isaac, Falmouth, 74, 85 

mouth (Hodgskins, Hodskins) Ilsley, Joshua, Sergt., Ensign, Fal- 

70, 74, 76, 85 mouth, (Insley) 64, 70, 85 

Hodgskins, Samuel (Hodgskins, Isley, Thomas, 76 

Hodskins), 70, 74, 76, 85 Ingersoll, Nathaniel, Falmouth 

Holbrook, Elisha, Kittery, 69, 81 (Nathan) 70, 74, 85 

Holeman, Hugh, York, 83 Irish, John, Falmouth, (Uncle of 

Holford, Wm., 78 Gen. James Irish) 74, 85, 
Holland, James, 73, 80, 86 

Holmes, Samuel, Berwick, 60, 74 Jacobs, Benjamin, Wells, Kittery, 

Holton, Corp., John, 72, 78 59. 62, 81 

Homer, John, 75 Jacques, Richard, Capt., 64, 71 

Honewell, Israel, Berwick, (Hun- Jeffs, Thomas, 81 

niwell) 60, 74 Jelleson, John (Gellason) 77, 84 

Honewell, Richard, (Hun niwell) 88 Jellison, Corp., Benj., Wells, 

Hooper, Benj., 78 (Jellyson, Gellsion) Kittery, 59, 

Hooper, John, Kittery, 82 62, 68, 76, 82, 84 

Hooper, Nathaniel, Kittery, 68, 76, Jellison, Ichabod, Wells, Kittery, 

81, 83 (Gallison, Gellsion) 59, 62, 68, 76, 

Hooper, Samuel, Kittery, 61, 69, 81, 84 

81 Jellison, Jesse, Kittery, 70, 82 

Hovey, Ezekiel, 74, 80 Jelson, Ebenezer, 74 

Howard, David, 79 Jenkins, John, 72, 79 

Howard, Israel (Izrael) 72, 78 Jenkins, Joseph, Kittery, 69, 81 

Howard, Jeremiah, 73, 79 Jenkins, Thomas, Kittery, 69, 81 

Hubbard, Jonathan, Capt., 65 Jenkins, William, 73, 79 

Humphrey, Tho., 80 Jennison, Joseph, 69 

Humphty, Thomas, 73 Jennison, Samuel, 69 

Hunnewell, Josiah, Scarboro, 74, Jephson, Lieut., Christopher, 64 

85, 88 Jepson, James, Wells (Jypson) 59 

Hunniwell, Roger, Scarboro, 87 Johnson, Elisha, 73, 79 

Hunt, Edward, 72, 79 Johnson, John, Kittery, 73, 80 



136 



Maine at Louisburg in 1745 



Jones, John, 73, 79 

Jones, Samuel, Berwick, 60, 69, 77, 

83,84 
Jones, Samuel, (possibly the same 

as on 69) 70, 74 
Jones, William, Kittery, 81 
Joris, Samuel, Kittery, 81 
Joye, Ephraim, (Joy) Berwick, 60, 

61, 74 
Jugerson, Nathaniel, Kittery, 82 

Keef.John, 73, 79 
Keller, Thomas, 73, 79 

Kelloch, , Warren, 87 

Kelley, John, (Kelly) 73, 80 

Kenedy, Adam, 79 

Kenne, John, Wells (Keene, Kene) 

59, 62, 75, 84 
Kenney, Samuel, 69, 76 
Kidd, Alexander, 73, 79 
Kieg, Timothy, 73 
Kilgoo, Benj., 79 
Kimball, Caleb, (Caleb C.)59, 
Kimball, Caleb, Jr., Wells, 60, 62, 

75 
Kimball, John, 68 
Kimball, Corp., Joshua, (Josa) 

Wells, (died at Louisburg) 59,62, 

68, 75, 76, 84 
Kimball, Moses, 75 
Kimball, 2d Lieut., Nathaniel, 

Wells, 59, 62, 64, 75 
King, Capt. Charles, 66, 72, 78 
Kingsbury, John, 86 
Knight, George, Kittery, (died 

there) 61, 64, 68, 76, 81, 83, 85 
Knight, George, Falmouth, Lieut., 

70, 74 
Knight, Richard, Kittery, 82 
Kreg, Timothy, 79 

Labere, Peter, Clerk, 78 
Laffit, Joshua, 68 



Lemercier, Jr., Lieut., Andrew, 

(Le Mercier) 66, 72, 78 
Lane, Sergt. Daniel, 74, So 
Lane, John, Lieut., 66 
Larken, William, Lieut., 66, 72, 73, 

79 

Larrabee, Samuel, Scarboro, 88 

Larrabee, Thomas, 88 

Lassell, Allison, (Alleson, Aleson, 
Lasdell) Arundel, 60, 75, 85 

Lasell, Joshua, Wells, (Lassell, 
Lasdill) 59, 62, 84 

Lathe, Joshua, 75 

Lawless, John, Kittery, 8r 

Laws, John, 69, 

Leach, Benj., Corp., Kittery, 61, 
68, 76, 80, 83 

Leach, Ebenezer, Kittery, 61, 69, 8r 

Leach, Samuel, Kittery, 69, 81 

Leara, James, 70 

Leardon, Elizer, (Leasdon) 70, 76 

Leava, John, 77 

Leavitt, , ( in Capt. Nathaniel 

Donnell's Co.), 61 

Leavitt, Joseph, (Levett) 73, 80 

Lemmon, John, Ensign, 65 

Lessenby, Thomas, (Lesinby) 70, 76 

Lester, John (Lister) 72, 78 

Lewis, John, Ensign, Berwick, 60, 
64, 69, 74, 81, 83 

Lewis, Jonathan, 69 

Libbee, James, Scarboro, 88 

Libby, Lieut. John (Libbee) Scar- 
boro, 65, 88. Capt. Fogg's Com- 
pany, Waldo's Regt. In 1747 he 
was a Lieut, in Capt. George 
Berry's Company. In 1758 he 
was a Capt. in Preble's Regt. at 
Lake George. 

Libby, John, 88 

Libbee, Noah, Scarboro, 88 

Lidon, Nicho, 79 



Index 



137 



Lincoln, Ebenezer, Falmouth 

(Linkliorne) 71, 76, 85 
Lindsay, Matthew (Linsey) Wells 

59' 62 
Lindsey, James, (Linzey, Lindzey) 

72, 78, 86 
Linscot, Sergt., John, 78 
Linch, Richard, 60 
Little, Joshua, 75 
Littlefield, Ebenezer (Eben) 59. 

62, 75 . , ^ 

Littlefield, James, Wells (Died at 

Louisburg) (Littlefild) 59, 62, 

68, 75, 76, 84 
Littlefield, Jr., James, Wells, 60, 62 
Littlefield, Joseph, 68 
Locke, John, 75 
Lock, Jr., John, 75 
Lollens, Patrick, Kittery, (Loller) 

61, 81 
Look, Sergt., John, Wells, 

(? Locke) 59, 62 
Lord, Aaron, Kittery, Wells, 59, 62, 

75. 81, 84 
Lord, Jonathan, Ensign, 65, 71 
Lord, Nathan, Kittery, 60, 61, 81 
Lord, Nathaniel, Kittery, 74, 81 
Lord, Nathan, Jr., Kittery, 74, 81 
Lord, Samuel, Kittery, Berwick, 

60, 61, 81 
Loud, 3d, Samuel, 74 
Lovewell, Samuel, Falmouth, 

(Lowell) 74, 85 
Lunt, Job, Falmouth, 61, 69, 74, 85 
Lunt, Jr., Corp., Samuel, Fal- 
mouth, 74, 85 
Lydstone, Daniel, Kittery, (Lud- 

stone) 61, 81, 83 
Lydstone, John, Kittery, (Ledston, 

Lydston) 61, 68, 76, 81 
Lynn, Francis, Kittery, 81 
Lyon, Josiah, 72, 79 



Mac MacClalling, James, 84 
Mace, Reuben, Kittery, 69, 81 
Mackene, Isaac, 88 
Magenry, John, 86 
Magery, James, 72, 78 
Mahony, Corp., Thomas, 60 
Malcomb, John, Ensign, 65 
Malony, Daniel, 74 
Manenow, George, 68 
Manutford, Nathaniel, Commis- 
sary, 71 
March, Benjamin, (Kittery) Wells, 

59.81 
March, John, 2 Lieut., 65 
Markwell, James, 74 
Marriner, George, Kittery, (Mar- 

renor) 61, 68, 76, 81, 83 
Marshall, Christopher, Capt., 66, 

72, 79 
Marston, John, Lieut., 66, 72, 78 

Martin, Abraham, 60 

Martin, Nathan, Wells (Marten) 
(Nathaniel) 60, 70, 77, 84, 85 

Mattocks, William, 73, 80 

Mauries, Cuthe, (Cuff Mannis ?) 73 

May, Gideon, Berwick, 60, 61, 74 

McCarrid, James, (McCarriel, Mc- 
Carrill) 69, 70, 77, 83 

McCluker, Sergt. John, 78 

McDaniel, John, Wells, (McDan- 
niel) Kennebunkport ; about 1750 
moved to Gorham, 59, 62, 78 

McEffee, Daniel, 60 

McCleuachan, Rev. William. Me. 
Hist. Coll., ist Series, Vol. VIII, 
pp. no, 131, note. Probably 
chaplain of Waldo's regiment. 

McLellan, Hugh, (McClanan, Mc- 
Clane, McClaneu) 61, 68, 76, 83 

McMarron, Daniel 2d (McMarrow) 

60 
Mecarel, James, Berwick, 60 



138 



Maine at Louisburg in 1^4$ 



Melody, John, 72, 79 

Merryfield, Simeon, Wells, 59, 62 

Mesharvey, Ensign, Daniel, 65, 71 

Miles, Henry, 61 

Miller, Joseph, Lieut., 66, 73, 80 

Miller, Marshal, 72, 79 

Milliken, Samuel, Scarboro, 87 

Millitt, Andrew (Millett) 72, 78 

Millett, Samuel, 70, 97 

Molan, Sergt. Daniel (Molen) 73, 

79 
Moodey, Capt. Samuel, 64, 71 
Moody, Daniel, Scarboro, (Mudy) 

88 
Moody, Joshua, (Moodey) 74, 85, 
Moody, Parker, 73, 80 
Moody, Rev. Samuel, York, Chap- 
lain of Pepperrell's regiment, 25, 

43.62 
Moore, John, Lieut., 65 
Moore, Robert, Kittery, (More) 

61, 69, 81 
Moore, William, Kittery, 78, 82 
Morgridge, Benj., Kittery, (Mar- 

gridge, Mugridge), 73, 80, 82 
Morrison, David, 61 
Morse, Edmund, Ensign, 65, 71 
Mory, John, 69 
Moses, Theod, 88 
Moulton, Jeremiah, Col., 65, 72 
Moulton, John, 78 
Mountford, Nath'l, Commissary, 65 
Mugridge, Samuel, Corp., Kittery, 

(Muggeridge, Margridge), 70, 76, 

82 
Munnis, Cuffe, (Cuff) 80, 86 
Munson, Robert, Scarboro, 88 
Mumford, Capt., Richard, 68, 81 
Murphey, John, Ensign, Arundel, 

65. 71 
Murrey, James, 70 
Murray, John, (Murrey) 74, 77, 83, 

84 



Muzzey, John, 69 

My rick, John, Scarboro, 88 

Napp, Ebener, 78 

Nason, John, Kittery, 60, 74, 81 

Nason, Joshua, Berwick, 74, 81. 
He was a Captain in the Revolu- 
tion and was at the surrender of 
Burgoyne. Bradbury's History 
Kennebunkport 

Nason, Noah, Kittery, 60, 74, 81 

Newhall, Ebenezer, Lieut., 66 

Newhall, Joseph, Ensign (ist 
Lieut.,) 65,71, 73 

Newhall, Richard, 72, 78, 86 

Newhall, Samuel, 70, 77 

Newmarch, John, 86 

Newmarch, Thomas, Lieut., Kit- 
tery, 82 

Nichols, Charles, 70, 77 

Nichols, John, 73, 80 

Nichols, Samuel, 73, 80 

Noble, Arthur, Capt., Lieut. Col., 
64, 71 

Noble, James, Lieut., Capt., Major, 
son of Lt. Col. Arthur Noble, died 
in Louisburg, Sept. 26, 1746, aged 
18 years, 64, 65, 71 

Noble, Nathan, New Boston, killed 
at Saratoga in Oct. 1777. Goold's 
Portland in the Past, p. 373 

Oakley, William, 74, 80 

O'Brien, Morris, 52, 81. He was 
from Scarboro and served in 
Capt. Peter Staples' Company. 
He removed in 1765 to Machias 
with his two sons then of age, 
Gideon, and Jeremiah, and four 
minor sous, John, William, 
Dennis and Joseph. He was 
prominent in planning and 
organizing the expedition that 



Index 



139 



captured the British armed cut- 
ter Margaretta in Machias Bay, 
June 12, 1775, and his six sons 
were in that party of patriots. 

Oidin, Samuel, 79 

O'Lcllers, Patrick, 69 

Osmint, William, 73, 80 

Owen, John, 74 

Owen, Jr., John, Falmouth, 85 

Palmore, Benjamin, Wells, 60 

Passer, Lewis, 79 

Pariman, John, 61 

Parker, Gideon, Kittery, 69, 76, 81 

Parnel (Barnol) Benj., 78 

Paul, Brian, (Bryant Paule) Wells, 

60, 70, 77, 84, 85 
Payson, Nathan, Lieut., 64 
Pearson, Jeremy, Lieut., 65 
Pearson, Capt. Moses, Falmouth, 

(Pierson) 60, 63, 70, 74, 76, 85 
Peenis, Noah, (Penass, Peenis, 

Pennice) York, 70, 77, 83, 84 
Pendergrass, Peter, 60 
Pepperrell, William, Lieut., Gen., 

Kittery, 57, 58, 59, 63 
Perkins, Eliphalet, Arundel, 60, 75, 

84 
Perkins, Elisha, 70 
Perkins, Thomas, Capt., Arundel, 

60, 63, 70, 75, 77, 83, 84, 88. He 

was also in the Minas Expedition 

of 1746 and was shipwrecked at 

Mt. Desert. See Me. Hist. Soc. 

Coll., ist Series, Vol. 8, p. 128. 
Perry, Richard, Arundel, 60, 75, 81, 

85 
Perry, William, Kittery, 60, 81 
Pettigrew, William, Kittery, (Pet- 

tegrou) Pettegreu, 68, 76, 81, 83 
Pettingall, Nathaniel, 2d Lieut., 

65 
Phenix (see Fenix, Fennix) 
Phillips, Benj., 74, 80 



Phippen, Benjamin, Lieut., (Pip- 
pin) 66, 72 
Phippen, Jona, 79 
Pickerell, George, 73, 79 
Pickett, Francis, Sergt., 79 
Pierce, Israel, Berwick, 60, 61 
Pierce, James, Wiscasset, Drake's 
History of the French and Indian 
Wars 
Pierce, John, Kittery, 60, 82 
Pierce, William, 74 
Pinkim, John, 68 
Pitman, Nehemiah, 85 
Porter, Israel, Ensign, 66, 72 
Porter, Samuel, 72, 78 
Posser, Lewis, 73 
Pote, Elisha, Falmouth, 74, 85 
Pote, Gamaliel, Corp., Falmouth, 

(Gamalel) 70, 74, 85 
Pote, Jeremiah, Falmouth, 74, 85 
Powers, Jeremy, Ensign, 65 
Preble, Jedediah, Wells, 62 **• 
Preble, Zebulon, York, 30, Drake 
in his History of French and 
Indian Wars 
Prescott, Peter, Capt., (Prescot) 66, 

72, 79 

Proctor, Charles, Lieut., 64, 71 

Provinder, Isaac, 78 

Pugsleigh, John, (Pugsley, Puggs- 
ley, Pudsleigh, Ruggsley) 61, 68, 
76,83 

Putnam, Nathaniel, 72, 79 

Putnam, William, (Pitman) 74,85 

Pynes, Sergt. Thomas, (Pyne) 73, 
79 

Ramsdell, Ebenezer, (Ramsdel) 72, 

78 
Ramsdill, Joshua, York, 83 
Rand, Jonathan, 73, 80 
Ranken.John, (Ranking, Rankin) 

68, 76, 83 
Raynes, Francis, York, 86 



140 



Maine at Louisburg in 1^45 



Read, James, Wells, (Reed) 59, 62, 
68, 75, 76, 84 

Reed, William, Falmouth, 74, 85 

Reith, Richard, 78 

Remick, William,Kittery, (Remish) 
68, 76, 81, 83 

Rhodes, Samuel, Capt., 66, 73, 79 

Rice, Josiah, Ensign, 64 

Rich, Peter, Wells, 59, 62, 75 

Richard, Sergt. Francis, 73 

Richardson, Capt. Jeremiah, 64, 71 

Richardson, Nathaniel, Ensign, 
66, 72, 79 

Richardson, Richard, 70, 77 

Roach, Paul, York, 83 

Robert, Sergt. Alex., Falmouth, 
(Alexander), Lieut., 70, 85, 88 

Roberts, John, Falmouth, 71, 74,85 

Robinson, Matthew, Wells, died at 
Louisburg, (Robertson) Robison, 
Robson, 59, 62, 68, 75, 76, 84 

Robison, John, Falmouth, 74 

Robinson, Nehemiah, (Nehema) 
73,80 

Robinson, William, Wells, (Robi- 
son) 59, 62, 75 

Rogers, John, Kittery, 81 

Romoril, Corp. Thomas, (Romouil, 
Rommerrill) 70, 76 

Roper, Benjamin, 70, 77 

Rose, Solomon, Kittery, 61, 69, 81 

Ross, John, 60 

Ruby, Edmund, 70 

Ruby, John, 77 

Russell, Isaac, 75 

Russell, John, Ensign, 65, 71 

Sabine, Peter, 72 
Sacklar, John, 75 
Samoss, Moses, York, 83 
Sampson , James, Arundel, (Samson ) 

60, 70, 77, 84 
Sampson, William, 73, 80 



Sanders, Capt. Thomas, com- 
manded the sloop Massachusetts 
Sawer, Benj., 80 
Sawin, Benjamin, 75 
Sawyer, Abraham, Falmouth, 74, 

85 
Sawyer, David, Scarboro, 88 
Bayer, Daniel, Clerk, Wells, 59, 62, 

75 
Say ward, Jonathan, 61, 86 
Sedebin, Jethro, 79 
Semple, Richard, 85 
Sequent, an Indian, 85 
Sewell, Thomas, 69 
Shaw, John, Sergt., Lieut., 64, 65, 

73, 79 

Shenedy, Adam, 72 

Shepard, Jeremiah, 73, 79 

Shillgrass, Benjamin, 72 

Shipman, John, 73, 79 

Shores, John, Kittery, (Shorey)8i 

Sidon, Nathaniel, 72 

Silsbee, Lieut., John, 71 

Silver, John, 79 

Simeon, James, 70 

Simmons, Robert, 70, 77 

Simpson, John, 78 

Simpson, Joshua, Falmouth, (Sim- 
son, 70, 85 

Simpson, Nathan, 15, evidently not 
the same as Nathaniel 

Simson, Jer'h, 76 

Sinkler, John, Wells, (Sinklar) 62, 

75 
Smith, Charles, Kittery, 69, 81 
Smith, Elder, 74 
Smith, Jonathan, Capt., 65 
Soule, Capt. Cornelius, (Soul) 60 
Spenser, Moses, Berwick, (Spencer) 

60,74 
Spinney, David, Kittery, (Spiney) 

68, 81, 82 
Spinney, George, Kittery, 78, 82 



Index 141 

Spinney, James, Kittery, (Spiney) Taylor, David, (Tayler) 72, 79 

61, 68, 69, 78, 82 Taylor, James, 68 

Spinney, Jeremiah, Kittery, (Spin- Taylor, Joseph, Wells, 59, 62, 69, 

ey) 76, 81, 83 75, 76, 84 

Spring, Jedediah, 68 Taker, John, 69 

Springer, Ens., James, Falmouth, Telfare, Alexander, 73, 79 

64,70,74,85 Teneris, Stephen, 86 

Springer, Jeremiah, Arundel, 60, Thomas, James, 70 

74, 75, 84 Thomas, Jonathan, Kittery, (Jon- 
Springer, Jr., Jeremiah, Falmouth, athin) 61, 68, 76, 81, 83 

74, 85 Thomas, John, 77 

Stanley, James, 74, 80 Thomas, Richard, 72, 78 

Stansbury, Benj., Lieut., (Capt.) 66, Thompson, John, (Tompson)6i, 68, 

72, 79 76, 81, 82 

Staples, Peter, Capt., Eliot, 61, 63, Thompson, Jonathan, Arundel, 

68, 76, 80, 82 60 

Starbird, Jethro, Scarboro, 88 Thorn, Jonathan, 70 

Stebbins, John,73 Thorn, Joseph, Falmouth, 85 

Sterns, John, Capt., 65 Thorn, Jr., Joseph, 85 

Stevens, Enoch, Kittery, 61, 69, 76, Thorne, James, Drummer, 70, 76 

81 Tibbets, Ichabod, Berwick, (Tib- 
Stevens, Jacob, Capt., 64, 71 itts, Tibbitts, Tibits) 60, 69, 70, 
Stevens, John, Kittery, 82 74, 77, 83, 84 

Stevens, Joseph, private, Lieut., 64 Tileston, Benjamin, (Tellson) 75 

Stevens, William, Kittery, 69, 81 Tileston, Ichabod, (Tellson) 75 

Stinson, James, 60, 61, 74 Titcomb, Benjamin, Ensign, 64 

Stone, Robert, 73, 79 Temple, Richard, Falmouth, 74 

Stone, Samuel, 72, 78 Tobey, John, Kittery, 61, 69, 81 

Strong, Elisha, 2d Lieut., 65 Towle, John, 86 

Strout, Edward, 75 Tray, Philip, 73, 80, 86 

Storer, John, Lieut.Col., Wells, 59, Trevitt, John, Adjt., 66 

62, 63, 68, 75, 76, 86 Tripe, Robert, Kittery, 81 
Stuart, Edward, Wells, 60, 84 Trott, John, Kittery, 73, 82 
Stubley, Thomas, (Stubly) 72, 79 Trow, Bartholomew, Capt., 66, 73, 
Sullivan, Sergt., Cornelius, 73, 79 80 

Sumner, Ebenezcr, Ensign, (Lieut.) Troy, Joseph, 61 

66,73 True, Jacob, Falmouth, 74, 85 

Swan, Lewis, 73 Trumbal, Jona, Lieut., 65, 71 

Sweetsir, Benj., Falmouth, (Sweet- Try, John, 61 

ser) 74, 85 Turner, Benjamin, 75 

Symond, John, 79 Turner, Seth, 75 

Tyng, Capt. Edward, Falmouth, 

Tay, Joseph, 69 22 



142 



Maine at Louishurg in 1745 



Vaughan, Lt. Col. William, ii, 12, 

21, 28, 29, 52 
Vincent, Arthur, 73, 79 

Wakefield, Jedediah, Wells, 60 
Wakefield, Jr., John, Wells, 60 
Walcom, Cornelius, (Clow) 72, 78 
Walcutt, Samuel, 73 
Waldo, Joseph, ist laeut., 65 
Waldo, Samuel, Brig. Gen., 63, 64, 

71 
Waldo, Samuel, Jr., Capt., 65 
Waldron, Thomas, Lieut., 65 
Walker, John, Kittery, 69, 81 
Walker, Solomon, Berwick, 60, 61, 

74 

Walker, , (Warren) 87 

Ward,Tho, 79 

Waters, James Benit, 79 

Watkins, Andrew, Lieut., Capt., 

Kittery, 63, 65. 71, 82 
Watson, Shadrach, Arundel, 60 
Watters, John, 73, 80 
Watts, John, Capt., 64, 71 
Weakly, Joseph, 69 
Wealth, Edward, 75 
Webb, James, 69 
Webb, Thomas, 72, 79 
Webber, James, Kittery, 61, 82 
Webber, Sergt., Joseph, York, 59, 

62, 68, 70, 75, 77, 78, 83, 84, 
Webster, Stephen, Lieut., 65, 71 
Webster, Sergt., William, 72, 78 
Weeks, Jos., Ensign, 64, 69, 81 
Welch, Edmund, (Edward) Wells, 

60, 62, 65, 76, 84 
Welch, John, Kittery, 82 
Welch, Luke, 72, 79 
Welch, Morris, 72 79 
Wells, John, York, 70, 77, 79, 83, 84 
Wellson, John, 73 
Wentworth, Ezekiel, Berwick, 60, 

61 



Weytoor, Ezekiel, 74 

Wheeler, Sergt., John, (Whealer) 

72, 79 
Wheeler, Simon, 70, 85 
Wheelright, Thomas, Wells, 60, 

62 
Wherrin, Isaac, Kittery, 82 
Whittam, Job, (Whittum) 73, 79 
Whittemore, Joel, Ensign., Lieut., 

(Whittymore, Whitemore,) Kit- 
tery, 64, 68, 76, 80, 82 
Whittemore, Samuel, 72, 79 
White, Charles, Wells, 59, 62, 68, 

75, 76, 84 
White, John, (James) 72, 78 
White, Joseph, 60, 61 
White, Nathaniel, 75 
White, Thomas, 78 
Whittum, Eleazar, (Withum, 

Witham) 78, 82 
Wilcut, Sam., (Wilcott) 80, 86 
Willey, James, 69 
Williams, Benjamin, Lieut., 65 
Williams, George, Falmouth, 74 
Williams, George, Jr., 85 
Williams, John, 73, 79 
Williams, Joshua, 79 
Williams, Matt'w, 77 
Williams, Nathaniel, 70 
Wilkins, Benjamin, 74, 80 
Wilson, Daniel, private. Ensign, 

Kittery, 61, 64, 68, 76, 80, 82 
Wilson, James, Kittery, (Died at 

Louisburg) 59, 62, 78, 82 
Wilson, John, 79 
Wilson, Michael, Wells, 62 
Winkley, Joseph, Kittery, 81 
Winne, John, (Winn) 60 
Winston, Nathan, 85 
Withum, Bartholomew, Kittery, 

(Witham, Whitton, Whittom, 

Whittum, WittUm) 61, 68, 76, 

81,83 



Index 143 

"Witham, Peter, Kittery (Withum) Woodman, Micah, 69 

6r, 81 Woodson, Joseph, 74 

Witham, Thomas, Kittery, Ber- Woodson, Michael, (Micah) (Woo- 
wick, (Withum) 60, 81 soon), Woodsome, 69, 70, 74, 77 

Woodman, Corp. David, Falmouth, 83, 84 
70, 85 

Wood, John, 72, 79 Yeates or Yates, James, 87 ,^ 

Wood, Joseph, 86 Yorses, James, 74 

Wood, Samuel, 73, 79 Young, Daniel, York, 83 

Woodman, Corp. David, Fal- 
mouth, 76 Zouberbhuler, Sebastian, Captain, 

Woodman, John, Kittery, 82 65, 87 



